Quiz 1- Lec 3-4

Question 1

anterior compartment of THIGH (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 1

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

Question 2

anterior compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 2

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

Question 3

lateral compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 3

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

Question 4

dorsal compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 4

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

Question 5

posterior compartment of THIGH (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 5

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

Question 6

medial compartment of THIGH (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 6

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

Question 7

posterior compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 7

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

Question 8

plantar compartment of FOOT (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

Answer 8

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

Question 9

what innervates all muscles (regardless of dorsal/ventral compartment)?

Answer 9

nerves formed by fusions of VENTRAL rami (motor)

Question 10

what does each ventral ramus branch into?

Answer 10

posterior division and anterior division

Question 11

POSTERIOR DIVISION branches supply which developmental muscle type?

Answer 11

developmentally DORSAL muscles

Question 12

ANTERIOR DIVISION branches supply which developmental muscle type?

Answer 12

developmentally VENTRAL muscles

Question 13

when in development does ventral rami penetrate mesenchyme?

Answer 13

*as soon as limb bud forms

Question 14

anterior division of ventral rami form which nerve and what is it’s course?

Answer 14

obturator neve; courses posteriorly and medially (innervates developmentally ventral muscles)

Question 15

anterior division of ventral rami form innervates which muscles

Answer 15

ADDuctors of thigh (by obturator nerve)

Question 16

posterior division of ventral rami form which nerve, and what is it’s course?

Answer 16

Femoral nerve; moves anteriorly and laterally (innervates developmentally dorsal muscles)

Question 17

posterior division of ventral rami form innervates which muscles

Answer 17

femoral nerve; innervates anterior compartment of thigh (developmentally dorsal)

Question 18

developmentally ventral muscles (anterior/posterior division?)

Answer 18

anterior/ventral division of ventral rami

Question 19

developmentally dorsal muscles (anterior/posterior division?)

Answer 19

posterior/dorsal division of ventral rami

Question 20

which 3 ventral rami supply both the obturator and femoral nerves?

Answer 20

L2, L3, L4

lumbar plexus 2-4

Question 21

posterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which nerve?

Answer 21

Femoral nerve

Question 22

posterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which compartment of thigh?

Answer 22

Anterior compartment of thigh

Question 23

anterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which nerve?

Answer 23

Obturator nerve

Question 24

anterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which compartment of thigh?

Answer 24

Medial compartment of thigh

Question 25

Which dermatome supplies big toe?

Answer 25

L4

Question 26

which dermatome supplies palmar surface of the foot?

Answer 26

L5

Question 27

which dermatome supplies the 5th metatarsal?

Answer 27

S1

Question 28

Which side (medial/lateral) of foot is the preaxial border?

Answer 28

big toe (medial aspect) = preaxial border; L4

Question 29

which side (medial/lateral) of foot is post-axial border?

Answer 29

lateral aspect (pinky toe); S1

Question 30

causes of limb anomalies?

Answer 30

genetics (trisomy or mutant genes), environment (i.e. drug/alcohol use during pregnancy), stymied/hindered tissue interactions, or mechanical effects (i.e. amount of amniotic fluid)

Question 31

CC: polydactyly (duplication of digits): characteristics

Answer 31

• inherited DOMINANT trait
• BILATERAL (usually)
• the extra digits lack proper development/muscle connections

Question 32

CC: congenital hip dysplasia (abnormal development of hip joint): characteristics

Answer 32

• most likely due to breech position
• dominant condition of generalized joint laxity
• more common in females
• 1/100 - 1/1,000 live births

Question 33

CC: cutaneous syndactyly (webbing of digits): characteristics

Answer 33

-lack of apoptosis (programmed cell death) of the mesenchyme between prospective digits –> fusion of all portions of digits

Question 34

When should apoptosis between digits start?

Answer 34

week 7

Question 35

CC: talipes equinovarus/ congenital clubfoot: characteristics

Answer 35

• most common musculoskeletal defect (1/1,000 live births)
• bilateral ~50% of time, 2x more common in males
• multifactorial inheritance

Question 36

CC: congenital clubfoot - mnemonic for features

Answer 36

“CAVE”

• Cavus: (high arch; 2 longitudinal arches on the foot
• Adductus: towards midline
• Varus: refers to calcanei; soles of feet are supinated
• Equinus: plantar flexion

Question 37

when referring to equinus position of the ankle, does that mean the foot is dorsi-flexed or plantarflexed?

Answer 37

plantar flexion (because horses hooves are pointed?); pointed at ankle

Question 38

CC: pt with undiagnosed congenital clubfoot compensates by walking on outside of foot. What osteological findings would result?

Answer 38

hypertrophy of 5th metatarsal –> thickens due to excess weight-bearing