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2b_Y1 - LEA-Exam 1 > Quiz 1- Lec 1-2 > Flashcards

Quiz 1- Lec 1-2 Flashcards

1) Anat term/Gait Cycle 2) Integumentary

1
Q

which aspect of foot is hidden in anatomical position?

A

plantar

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2
Q

which plane divides body into top/bottom halves?

A

horizontal / transverse/ axial planes

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3
Q

axial skeleton of lower limb: components

A

L4, L5 vertebra, sacrum, coccyx

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton of lower limb:

A

ox coxae, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, foot bones

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5
Q

basic compartments of ANTERIOR lower limb (superior to inferior)

A

(1) hip/coxal (2) thigh/femoral (3) knee/genus (4) leg/crus (5) ankle/talus (6) dorsum (7) foot/pes

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6
Q

basic compartments of POSTERIOR lower limb (superior to inferior)

A

(1) gluteal (2) thigh/femoral (3) knee/genus - calf/sural (4) leg/crus (5) ankle/talus (6) calcaneal (7) plantar (8) foot/pes

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7
Q

what is the proximal part of the free limb?

A

thigh

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8
Q

define “flexion”

A

decrease in joint angle between 2 embryologically VENTRAL/ANTERIOR surfaces being brought closer together

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9
Q

define “extension”

A

increase in joint angle; in which 2 embryologically VENTRAL surfaces are brought further apart

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10
Q

Which anterior compartments are FLEXORS?

A

hip/coxal

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11
Q

Which anterior compartments are EXTENSORS?

A

thigh, leg, dorsum of foot

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12
Q

Which posterior compartments are FLEXORS?

A

thigh, leg, plantar aspect of foot

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13
Q

Which posterior compartments are EXTENSORS?

A

Gluteal

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14
Q

Flexion of the ankle is…

A

Plantar flexion (pointing); decreasing the joint angle between 2 embryologically ventral surfaces

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15
Q

Extension of the ankle is…

A

Dorsiflexion is increasing the joint angle between 2 embryologically ventral surfaces

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16
Q

3 possible pairs of hip movements

A

(1) flexion/extension (2) abduction/adduction (3) internal/external rotation

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17
Q

how many axes needed for hip movements?

A

3 axes of rotation; defined as having 2 points, or forming a line

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18
Q

Which hip joint axis is associated w/ FLEXION/EXTENSION?

A

mediolateral/transverse axis

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19
Q

Which plane is associated w/ FLEXION/EXTENSION?

A

sagittal/median plane

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20
Q

Which hip joint axis is associated w/ ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION?

A

anterioposterior axis

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21
Q

Which plane is associated w/ ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION?

A

frontal/coronal plane

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22
Q

Which hip joint axis is associated w/ INTERNAL(medial)/EXTERNAL (lateral) rotation?

A

longitudinal axis of the thigh

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23
Q

Which plane is associated w/ INTERNAL(medial)/EXTERNAL (lateral) rotation?

A

horizontal/transverse/axial plane

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24
Q

Match movement with axis. What is the plane?

A

Flexion/extension; sagittal/median plane

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25
Q

Match movement with axis. What is the plane?

A

Abduction/adduction; frontal/coronal plane

26
Q

Match movement with axis. What is the plane?

A

internal/external rotation; horizontal/transverse/axial plane

27
Q

which axis is associated with flexion/extension of the KNEE?

A

mediolateral/transverse axis

28
Q

in which plane does flexion/extension of the KNEE occur?

A

sagittal/median plane

29
Q

match the movement and plane of movement with the following image of knee

A

flexion/extension; w/in sagittal/median plane

30
Q

what axis is associated with plantar flexion/dorsiflexion of the ANKLE?

A

oblique mediolateral/transverse axis

31
Q

in which plane does plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the ANKLE occur?

A

oblique sagittal/median plane

32
Q

match the movement and plane of movement with the following image of the ANKLE

A

plantar flexion/ dorsiflexion; w/in oblique sagittal/median plane

33
Q

drawing toes back towards shins is called:

A

dorsiflexion

34
Q

pointing your toes is called:

A

plantar flexion

35
Q

dorsiflexion is (EXTENSION/FLEXION)

A

EXTENSION

36
Q

plantar flexion is (FLEXION/ EXTENSION)

A

FLEXION

37
Q

what is the embryologically-ventral surface of the FOOT?

A

plantar aspect

38
Q

what is the embryologically-ventral surface of the LEG?

A

posterior calf

39
Q

inversion of foot is similar to (SUPINATION/PRONATION)

A

supination (towards midline)

40
Q

eversion of foot is similar to (SUPINATION/PRONATION)

A

pronation (away from midline)

41
Q

axis of rotation for abduction/adduction of the toes is what?

A

2ND DIGIT

42
Q

where is center of gravity located?

A

midsagittally and slightly anterior to 2nd sacral vertebrae

43
Q

where does line of gravity lie in relation to hip, knee and ankle joints?

A
  1. Hip - sl posterior to hip joint
  2. Knee - anterior to knee
  3. Ankle - anterior to ankle by ~2 inches
44
Q

Line of gravity tends to convey the following effects at the hip, knee, and ankle joints:

A

1) Hyperextend the hip
2) Hyperextend the knee (bc anterior to the transverse)
3) dorsiflex the ankle

45
Q

what muscle(s) limit HIP HYPEREXTENSION?

A

2 muscles

  • Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament of Bigelow)
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
46
Q

what muscle(s) limit KNEE HYPEREXTENSION?

A
  1. intracapsular/extracapsular ligaments providing posterior support
  2. gastrocnemius
47
Q

what muslce(s) limit ankle dorsiflexion?

A

active plantar flexors (i.e. Triceps surae, which is the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles)

48
Q

What defines a gait cycle?

A

one stride or 2 steps

49
Q

traditional gait cycle (order) - stance phase

A
  1. initial contact /heel strike (0%)
  2. foot flat (7%)
  3. midstance (30%)
  4. heel off (40%)
  5. toe off (60%)
50
Q

traditional gait cycle (swing phase) - order

A
  1. acceleration
  2. midswing
  3. deceleration
51
Q

which forces act together to form the Ground Reaction Force (GRF)?

A
  1. gravitational
  2. muscular
  3. momentum
52
Q

which force(s) act together during standing?

A

just gravitational force

53
Q

during which phases in stance phase have GRF forces pointing UPWARDS?

A

initial contact, midstance, toe off

54
Q

during which of the stance phase is the GRF line pointing down towards the ground?

A

flat foot, heel off

55
Q

which muscle groups are recruited at each joint to offset GRF during INITIAL CONTACT/HEEL STRIKE?

A
  1. At hip - hip extensors
  2. At knee - knee extensors
  3. At ankle - ankle dorsiflexors
56
Q

which muscle groups are recruited at each joint to offset GRF during MIDSTRIKE (one limb off the ground)?

A
  1. Hip abductors (gluteus maximus/minimus) - on the stance side prevents the pelvis on the swing side from sagging
  2. Knee extensors are active
  3. Plantar flexors stabilize the ankle
57
Q

define compensatory trendelenburg gait

A

*Gait functions as ABDUCTORS that are not working
• Trendelenburg test/sign to see if there is drooping on the opposite side; pt may fall or need to grab the table

58
Q

compensatory trendelenburg gait: for left side is affected

A

No pelvix drop/tilt on right side while the right limb is in the swing phase; trunk shifted to the left

59
Q

which muscle groups are recruited at each joint to offset GRF during TOE-OFF?

A
  1. Hip - hip flexors
  2. Knee - knee extensors
  3. Ankle - ankle plantar flexors
60
Q

CC: apropulsive or calcaneal gait

A

weakness of the ankle plantar flexors can result in insufficient propulsion;

there will be no toe-off, but the entire foot will leave the ground at once

61
Q
A

2b_Y1 - LEA-Exam 1 (9 decks)

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