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Cology 2 Exam 2 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive bacteria contain lipids in their membranes that specifically bind the gram stain

	  True / False
A

False

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2
Q

2) Bacteriostatic antibiotics, because they inhibit replication of bacteria, do not produce

	resistance   True / False
A

False

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3
Q

3) Plasmin exchange mechanisms of resistance development only occur in closely related strains

	of  bacteria      True / False
A

False

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4
Q

4) Briefly explain the disk diffusion test for microbial susceptibility (2 pts)

A

Bacteria is grown

on agar plate with disks containing different antibiotic for 18-24 hours.  You look at the 

bacterial growth around the disks.   There will be an area of no growth around the disk 

the bacteria is sensitive to and smaller areas of no growth around the disks the bacteria 
	with less sensitivity
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5
Q

5) Binds end of peptidoglycan strands to prevent cell wall elongation

A

Vancomycin

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6
Q

7) Antipseudomonal penicillin

A

Ticarcillin, Piperacillin

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7
Q

8) Disrupts membrane potential and blocks cell wall synthesis

A

Televancin, Daptomycin

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8
Q

9) Blinds 30 s ribosome and prevents binding of initiation tRNA

A

Aminoglycoside

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9
Q

1) Gram negative bacterial cell walls have different peptidoglycans and lipids that gram positive
bacteria. True / False

A

False

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10
Q

2) Use of broad spectrum bactericidal antibiotics is the best defense against resistance

	development   True / False
A

False

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11
Q

3) MIC is the amount of antibiotic required to kill bacteria. True / False

A

False

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12
Q

4) List 2 mechanisms of bacterial resistance development: (any two)

A

Natural selection,

altered enzymes, permeability changes, change in efflux pathways, change in affinity of

binding sites, altered metabolic pathways, , form spores, mutational changes, conjugation –

plasmid, transduction, transformation

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13
Q

Beta lactams with the broadest spectrum of activity

A

___Carbapenems_______________

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14
Q

9) Blocks lipid carrier that moves peptidoglycans across cell membrane

A

____Bacitracin_____________

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15
Q

1) Natural compound produced by bacteria or fungi to suppress growth of other

Microorganisms. Antibiotic / Antimicrobial

A

Antibiotic

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16
Q

2) Antibiotic agents which kills microorganisms. Bacteriostatic / Bactericidal

A

Bactericidal

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17
Q

4) The disk diffusion method is used to determine the MIC values of antibiotics.

True / False

A

False

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18
Q

3) Combined use of two broad spectrum antibiotics is always contraindicated

True / False

A

False

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19
Q

5) For an antibiotics which show concentration dependent killing, you do not need to

maintain specific therapeutic blood levels for killing to occur. True / False

A

True

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20
Q

6) Resistance due to a change in efflux pathways occurs with which of the following

antibiotics? Penicillin / Tetracycline / Sulfonamides

A

Tetracycline

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21
Q

7) Beta lactam which is the choice for Syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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22
Q

8) Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

A

Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin

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23
Q

1) Synthetic compound used to suppress growth of other Microorganisms.

Antibiotic / Antimicrobial

A

Antimicrobial

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24
Q

2) Antimicrobial agents which prevent replication of microorganisms.

Bacteriostatic / Bactericidal

A

Bacteriostatic

25
Q

3) In general narrow spectrum are preferred over broad spectrum agents because

they lead to less resistance. True / False

A

True

26
Q

4) MBC is determined by serial dilution of bacteria with increasing concentrations of
antibiotic. MBC is the concentration at which no bacterial growth is seen in the

diluted tubes. True / False

A

False

27
Q

5) Time dependent killing, means the antibiotic specific must be kept within specific

therapeutic blood levels for killing to occur. True / False

A

True

28
Q

9) Suicide inhibitor of Penicillinase

A

Tazobactam, Sulbactam

29
Q

2) Given the choice between a bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotic you would always
choose the bactericidal agent (1 pt) True / False

A

False

30
Q

3) The disk diffusion test is useful in determining the MIC value. (1 pt) True / False

A

False

31
Q

4) Explain concentration dependent killing by antibiotics. (2 pts)

A

Killing is dependent on the concentration not time above the MIC value, continues to kill even after blood levels fall below MIC

32
Q

5) Vancomycin resistance can develop due to plasmid exchange between bacteria. (1pt)
True / False

A

True

33
Q

6) Gram negative bacterial cell walls are made up of N-acetylmuramic acid while gram
positive bacterial cell walls are made up of N-acetylglucosamine (1pt) True / False

A

False

34
Q

7) Penicillin V is broken down quickly by stomach acid. (1pt) True / False

A

False

35
Q

8) Piperacillin with Tazobactam has the broadest spectrum of activity of all penicillin’s.
(1pt) True / False

A

True

36
Q

9) Penicillin allergies are only seen in patients after multiple treatments. (1 pt)
True / False

A

False

37
Q

1) Define antimicrobial. (1 pt)

A

Synthetic agents to suppress the growth of microorganisms

38
Q

2) Bacteriostatic antibiotics are never first line in treating infections. (1 pt) True / False

A

False

39
Q

3) The minimum bactericidal concentration is the concentration of antibiotic that shows no
visible growth in bacterial dilution tests. (1 pt) True / False

A

False

40
Q

4) Define time dependent killing by antibiotics. (2 pts)

A

Time dependent requires antibiotic plasma levels to be above MIC values to kill bacteria,

41
Q

5) Sulfonamides resistance can develop in a microorganism which increase PABA
concentration. (1pt) True / False

A

True

42
Q

6) Gram negative bacteria have different lipids in their membranes than gram positive, that
do not bind the gram stain. (1pt) True / False

A

False

43
Q

8) Tazobactam is combined with Piperacillin to increase its gram negative activity. (1pt)
True / False

A

False

44
Q

9) Penicillin’s enter the renal tubule by simple filtration through the glomerulus. (1 pt)
True / False

A

False

45
Q

3) The minimum inhibitory concentration is the concentration of antibiotic which kills all
bacteria. (1 pt) True / False

A

False

46
Q

4) List two situations where combination therapy with antibiotics is warranted. (2 pts)
(Any two)

A

Treatment of life threatening infections, treatment of polymicrobial infections,
To enhance the microbial activity of another antibiotic, treatment of resistant
strains, lower dose of one to reduce toxicity, prevent resistant strains

47
Q 
5)	Tetracycline’s are an example of an antibiotic that develops resistance by enhancing 
		efflux pathways (1pt)	True / False
A

True

48
Q

6) Gram positive bacteria express beta-lactamases while gram negative bacteria do not.
(1pt) True / False

A

False

49
Q

7) Penicillin V is the naturally occurring penicillin and must be given by injection. (1pt)
True / False

A

False

50
Q

8) Sulbactam is combined with Ampicillin to extend its gram negative activity. (1pt)
True / False

A

False

51
Q

9) Penicillin are excreted into the renal tubules by active secretion by acid/base
transporters. (1 pt) True / False

A

True

52
Q

What agents increase gram - activity by using up penicillinase?

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin + Clavulanate
Piperacillin + Tazobactam (broadest)

53
Q

How to keep penicillin in the blood longer

A

Give probenacid, prevents excretion

54
Q

Drug class with cross-sensitivity to penicillin (allergy to both)

A

Cephalosporins

55
Q

Orally available cephalosporins

A

1st generation
Cephalexin
Cephradine
Cefadroxil

56
Q

2nd generation

A

target gram - and gram +

57
Q

3rd generation

A

target gram -, start to lose gram +

58
Q

Drug class cannot be given orally

A

Penems, also vancomycin (structure too big)

Cology 2 Exam 2 (18 decks)

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