Antimyobacterial drugs (Overview) Flashcards
What are mycobacteria?
Gram +, acid fast bacilli
Waxy cell coat made from phosphoglycolipid layer (mycolic acid)
Describe mycobacterium tuberculosis
Very slow growing
Can exist in dormant states for long periods of time
Which mycobacterium is slow growing?
Which mycobacterium is fast growing?
Slow = Tuberculosis
Fast = Abcessus, fortuitum, chelonae
What causes leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
What mycobacterium cause pulmonary infections?
M kansasil, M fortuitum
Which mycobacterium cause soft tissue infections?
M marinum, M abcessus
Which mycobacterium cause skin infections/ulcers?
M marinum, M fortuitum, M abcessus, M chelonae
What fraction of the population is infected with tuberculosis?
1/3-1/2 of the world population
How is tuberculosis spred?
Bacilli shed during coughing or sneezing, can exist in long periods in dry sputum
Can also exist as latent infections
What populations see resistant strains of tuberculosis?
AIDS, homelessness
How does tuberculosis infect inside the body?
Particles are inhaled and imbed in the lungs
They are phagocytized by macrophages, form granulomas (actively divide inside them)
This can lead to a latent infection and cause no clinical symptoms
What percentage of infections activate into an active disease?
10%
How many active cases are there of tuberculosis?
30 million
What is the treatment for tuberculosis?
First two months: Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
then 4 months of 3/week
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Which tuberculosis drugs can only be taken for 2 months?
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
