quiz 3 Flashcards
a relational perspective
diversify
highlights that actors evaluate other’s gender performances according to a gender system in which fem and masc are co-constituted
race and class differences in gender performance are legitimate
class and race hierarchies
goal of research study, diversify
identify when and how minority participants’ gender performances would be used as the rationale for their exclusion from peer cliques
what is diversify
urban-to-suburban bus program (bus ethnic minority to suburban schools) VISIBLE minority
how was the interviews done
second research diversfy
formal interview at student’s home (or public Mcdonald’s/Burger King) (or empty classroom)
what was the participant observation
black gender study
observed the school cafeteria and halls for two months. ice cream socials and diversify alumni meetings
what was the population in the research
diversfy
student’s enrolled in suburban schools hosting “racial integration” (bussing programs)
what was the non-probability sample, diversifyy
45 students in 10 schools
what was the unit of analysis diversify
individuals
what was the units of observation diversify
individual students and administrators
what was the overarching stereotype of black diversify students
underachiever or troublemaker
what is the stereotype of black boys in the study
cool and welcomed
what is the stereotype of black girls in the study
loud and ostracized
the diversify students were seen as inferior to suburban students in terms of
academic achievement
Suburban Students thoughts on diversify
like the idea of giving them spots in “their” school. however, believe that they should make “better” recruitments - more hardworkers
why were the diversify boys “popular”
because they embody the stereotypes of black masculinity
the diversified boys’ enactment of masculinity provides a backdrop for the suburban girls to
Enact complementary feminity/compliance of submission
ghetto seems to symbolize failure to
live up to upper-middle-class white standards of femininity and failure to embody characteristics of femininity that support subordination to masculinity and whiteness
the black girls threatened
the gender order
what was the intent of racial integration programs
reduce the racial and social isolation of white communities and provide black students with opportunities
SHLRP goals
- describe the learning experiences and outcomes which accompany the reading of self-help books
- to analyze the impact of such reading upon the subjective identities of those who read self-help books
prominent social theorists have argued that neoliberal forms of subjectivity are
are distinct from those of the past eras
anthony giddens
human identities have become increasingly reflexive in late modern age
ulrich beck
personal autonomy and responsibility have become hallmarks of Western cultures
nicolas rose
neoliberal rationalities of government depend on the construction and regulation of subjects who see themselves as individuals with the responsibility to shape their lives through their own actions and choices
high level of individual autonomy in contrast to high level of social engagement is seen to characterize
the ideal-typical, neoliberal
the nature of huma subjectivity under neoliberal regimes is an
empirical question
what method did the self help research use
qualitative interviews
most neoliberal form of learning
self help book
“neoliberal times” have often been
associated with discourses valuing high levels of
individual autonomy, and low levels of social
engagement, but that the subjectivities of people living
in such times
may not consistently reflect such
discourses.
conceptualization of social engagement
Represents attributes such as being or feeling
connected with other human subjects, caring for
others, and a range of other characteristics that would
link one human subject to others based on either direct
interpersonal interaction or an emotional or
philosophical bond.
explain the operationalization- key narrative exercise
- tell the interviewee to tell a story about something in their life (something that represents the importance of who they are)
- what is it about yourself that is represented by the experience you described
who were interviewed in the self help
134 people who had read a self help book
why did the second research not
engage in systematic or random sampling procedures.
because the interest was to explore the experience of and outcomes associated with reading self-help books, so did not test a particular hypothesis
reliance on available subjects (non-probability sampling methods) means that the technique
do not fully represent the range of readers of self-help books- CANNOT GENERALIZE
what is purposive sampling
screening applicants for research to promote balance in gender, age, education, area of interest
how much of the SHLRP research was women
66%
what do the peoples story in second research say about them. what is the issue
if they are autonomous or social engagement. some are messy and not clear (can be mixed)
most storytellers told stories that shared experiences of
social engagement (60)
personal autonomy in second research was mainly what gender
male 62%- align with the neoliberal subject
stories reflecting social engagement were most which gender
55%
most interviewees expressed narratives in which individuality was fundamentally linked to- which is, or is not associated with neoliberal times
social relationships - not liked to neoliberal times
the recepion of social life (subjectivity and meaning) can be quite different from the ____ of it
appearance (structure, authoritative, interpretation)
in the second research what do the qualitattive interviews provide
a unique means of engaging people in discussion about their interpretation of meaning
second research is a phenomenological interview which means
- interview that requires people to describe their own experiences
- trying to engage their understanding
qualitative research is about
understanding the meaning of people’s thoughts, actions and words
qualitative research is an attempt to
interpret social life
data analysis of qualitative research should focus on
interpretation and understanding
respondents can be very _____ when talking about personal issues of importance to them
forthcoming
qualitative disadvatage
time consuming and resource intensive
requires a lot of attention to participate in administration and
data management
semi-structured
A type of interview in which the interviewer has a series of questions in the general form of an interview guide and is able to vary the sequence of questions. The questions are typically more general than those specified by a structured interview schedule, and the interviewer usually has some latitude to ask further questions in response to replies that appear significant.
interview guide
A brief list of memory prompts regarding areas to be covered in unstructured and semi-structured interviewing
oral history interviews
A largely unstructured interview in which respondents are asked to recall and reflect on events they have experienced.
life history interviews
An unstructured interview that is similar to an oral history interview, but designed to gather information on the entire biography of a respondent.
Which of the following is not a primary concern for quantitative interviewing?
Measuring concepts incorrect
Exploring interviewees’ perspectives correct
Maximizing reliability incorrect
Maximizing validity incorrect
Exploring interviewees’ perspectives correct
Qualitative interviewers mainly aim to elicit _______ answers.
detailed
The chief problem with the oral history interview (a problem it shares with life history interviews in general)
possibility of bias caused by memory lapses and distortions
Kvale’s ten traits of an effective interviewer (plus three others)
- knowledgable
-structuring
-clear
-gentle
-sensitive
-open
-critical - remembering
- interpreting
-balanced
-ethically
-non-judgemental
Kvale’s nine questions
- introduction
-follow up - probing
- specifying questions
- direct
- indirect
- structuring
- silence
- interpreting
Charmaz, three distinguishing questions
initial open ended
intermediate
ending
out of charmaz three question which is most common
intermediate
Vignette
A method in which people are presented with “vignettes” (hypothetical scenarios) and then asked how they would respond if they faced the circumstances depicted in the scenarios.
what is the debate regarding who should do transcribing
the interviewer (more familiar with what was actually said) or someone else (less time-consuming)
In which type of interview may the interviewer ask just one question?
unstructured
Which of the following is a key difference between interview guides and interview schedules?
Interview guides are usually shorter than interview schedule
What does Kvale (1996) call questions that get the interviewee to elaborate on an answer
Follow-up questions
focus group researchers are ran by _____ who do not _____ the session however guide
moderator/facilitator
interlude
focus groups allow researcher to understand
why people feel the way they do
focus groups correspond to which theorethical position
symbolic interactionism
which is a more naturalistic individual or group research
focus group.
_______ often produces more realistic accounts of what people think, because it forces them to defend and possibly revise their views.
arguing
theoretical saturation
In grounded theory, the point where emerging concepts have been fully explored and no new insights are being generated. See also theoretical sampling.
- In general, how many focus groups are required for a single study?
10-15
Which of the following factors is likely to affect the number of focus groups required in a study?
Socio-demographic
According to Morgan, which topics are best investigated using small focus groups?
Historical topics
A larger focus group is appropriate when the researcher wants to hear
brief suggestions.
Recording is even more important with focus groups than it is in other forms of qualitative research. t or f
true
There is a tendency to use a _______ number of _______ questions to guide a focus group session
small; general
The style of questioning and moderating depends on the
nature of the research topic
Which types of research topics typically require more direction from the focus group facilitator?
Embarrassing
drawing attention to patterns of interaction in focus groups allows a researcher
determine how group participants view the issues at hand.
Which limitation of focus groups includes dealing with participants who either are too reticent to speak up or dominate the stage?
Group effects
Which of the following is more difficult to facilitate in online focus groups than in-person focus groups?
Turn-taking behaviour
According to Mann and Stewart (2000), how many members should online focus groups include?
6–8
What does the term “argot” mean?
Informal slang and special uses of words correct
Which of the following is not an advantage of qualitative interviewing in comparison to ethnography?
Sensitivity to context
