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SOCI 313 > ch 12 > Flashcards

ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Content analysis

A

An approach to the analysis of documents and texts that seeks to quantify content in terms of predetermined categories in a systematic and replicable manner. The term is sometimes used in connection with qualitative research as well; see qualitative content analysis.

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2
Q

semiotics

A

An approach to the analysis of documents and other materials that emphasizes the importance of signs and symbols, seeking out their deeper meaning and exploring their intended effects.

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3
Q

hermeneutics

A

An approach to the interpretation of texts that emphasizes the need to understand them from the perspective of their authors.

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4
Q

conversation analysis

A

The fine-grained analysis of talk (recorded in naturally occurring situations and then transcribed) to uncover the underlying structures in interaction that make social order possible. Conversation analysis is grounded in ethnomethodology.

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5
Q

discourse analysis

A

An approach to the analysis of talk and other forms of communication that emphasizes the way language can create versions of reality.

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6
Q

what is ethnomethodolog, what roots in it

A

A sociological perspective concerned with the way social order is established and maintained through talk and interaction; the intellectual foundation of conversation analysis.

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7
Q

critical discourse analysis

A

A type of content analysis that brings issues such as power hierarchies, structural inequalities, and historical political struggles to bear on the analyses of texts.

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8
Q

five W’s that are the basis of any news report. researchers are also interested in

A

who (does the reporting); what (gets reported); where (does the issue get reported); why (does the issue get reported); and when (does it get reported. in what it omits (criminal parents example)

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9
Q

documents

A

can be “read” (including visual materials such as photographs); and
* was not produced specifically for the purpose of social research.

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10
Q

documents are important because they are _____ and _____

A

unobtrusive and non-reactive

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11
Q

reactive

A

The effect on research participants of knowing that they are being studied, which may result in atypical or inauthentic behaviour.

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12
Q

The fact that the subjects don’t know they are being studied removes a common threat to the

A

validity of the data

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13
Q

distictions in document (4)

A

personal private
personal state
official private
official state

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14
Q

4 criteria for assessing the quality of document

A
  • Authenticity. Is the evidence genuine and of unquestionable origin? (differet from ch 9)
  • Credibility. Is the evidence free from error and distortion?
  • Representativeness. Is the evidence typical of what it is supposed to represent (for example, social life at a particular time and place)? If not, is the extent of its uniqueness known?
  • Meaning. Is the evidence clear and comprehensible?
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15
Q

life history

A

A method (often referred to as the biographical method) that emphasizes the inner experience of individuals and its connections with larger societal events throughout the life course. It usually entails life history interviews and the use of personal documents as data

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16
Q

two credibility concerns

A

if factual and what is not said can be significant

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17
Q

representative issue

A

those who were literal were those who were privileged

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18
Q

three types of home photography

A

idealization (a formal portrait of a wedding party or the family in its finery); natural portrayal (an informal snapshot capturing action as it happens, though there may be a contrived component); and demystification (depicting the subject in an atypical—often embarrassing—situation).

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19
Q

Which criterion for assessing the quality of documents is most important in the case of personal documents?

A

Authenticity

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20
Q

Which group is disproportionately represented by letters, diaries, and autobiographies?

A

The wealthy

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21
Q

Which criteria for assessing the quality of documents do government documents typically meet?

A

Authenticity and meaning

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22
Q

_______ are a rich source of statistical information.

A

Government documents correct

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23
Q

why is autheticity difficult in mass media output

A

The authors are not always identified, as in the case of a TV news report, so it is sometimes difficult to know whether a given account was prepared by someone in a position to know all the facts.

24
Q

credibility in mass media

A

frequently an issue, and as the examples used in this section show, it is often the uncovering of error or distortion that is the objective of the analysis.

25
Q

Which approach pays special attention to the social and political implications of the materials being examined?

A

Critical discourse analysis
correct

26
Q

research 3 explored the concept of

A

othering through an article based on Canadian news media reports

27
Q

the paper studies how

A

HIV criminalization portrayed in mainstream Canadian press by examining Trevis Smith

28
Q

what was the pattern in research found

A

threatening, racialized outsiders,
and also, construct the nation of Canada as pure and
free of disease”

29
Q

otherness

A

refers
to the way that racialized discourses reduce people to a
few essential characteristics that are universalized and
represented as ‘fixed by nature’”

30
Q

forms of othering inscribe people as

A

significantly ‘different from the majority’ and are
structured in terms of sharp, hierarchical binaries such
as good/bad, civilized/primitive; attractive/ugly;
familiar/exotic

31
Q

method of the 3 research Unobtrusive methods

A

content analysis

32
Q

third research is a census true or false

A

true

33
Q

population of third study

A

all media representations of HIV
criminalization / racialization / othering.

34
Q

sample of third research

A

one case study of an HIV criminalization
case, as reported in the print newspaper media.

35
Q

unit of analysis third research

A

the stories (news paper articles)

36
Q

third research - coded the articles. in particular what was explored

A

headlines, as well as quoting and sourcing patterns, represent Smith and the nation of Canada

37
Q

what were the categories of findings (third research)

A

headline
quotation patterns

38
Q

why are headlines important

A

Headlines warrant close attention because they
function to express the most prominent or most
relevant information of a news item and define the
situation reported by the press.

39
Q

manifest content

A

the content you can see by just looking

40
Q

74% of the headline son Trevis Smith were

A

standard series of events through which criminal trials proceeded

41
Q

some headlines 31% (1/3) used descriptors that remind readers that smith is

A

no longer a part of the Roughriders’
organization

42
Q

54 news articles mention that he is from the US. what does this do

A

News headlines serve as mechanisms that reinforce a
boundary between the Roughriders as symbols of
hearty, prairie pride, and Smith as an American-born
outsider with a criminalized HIV-positive status

43
Q

news headlines present smith’s case to readers as a story about an

A

outsider

44
Q

most news articles case do what to the presepctives of people living with HIV

A

omit

45
Q

Instead of including quotes from people
living with HIV, news articles typically include
quotations from

A

from those who speak about them,
especially criminal justice actors such as complainants,
judges, lawyers, and witnesses who testify at criminal
trials

46
Q

who is quoted most to least in the cases

A
  • defence lawyer 89 times
  • women who brought charges 42 times
  • CFL players 34
    -and judges 26 time
  • roughrider chairman 25
  • roughride president 8 times
  • roughrider general manager 7 times
47
Q

Many articles prominently feature quotes from
criminal justice actors that try to establish his

A

moral culpability

48
Q

opposing players portrayed him as

A

not like them - different
- an other

49
Q

conclusion

A

News reports that quote those who uphold the
vaunted image of the CFL to emphasize Smith’s status
as an outsider add to a long lineage of representations
that construct white settler societies as ‘natural’ by
depicting non-white people as ‘out of place
- racialized other who POSE A THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND TO IDEALIZED CONCEPTIONS OF PURITY

50
Q

how do people maintain the social hierarchy of race

A

One of the most efficient means of maintaining a
socially stratified society with the white race on top of
the social hierarchy is to feed continuous fear and
prejudice toward the ‘others.’ One way to feed this fear
is to represent the ‘other’ as a threat to health

51
Q

what does better journalism look like - second conclusion

A

we call for the widespread
support of counter-discourses of HIV criminalization
that can disrupt the profound silencing, othering, and
objectification of African, Caribbean, and Black people
in news coverage of HIV non-disclosure criminal cases
- having some voices in articles of people with HIV. others experiences

52
Q

advantages of content analysis

A

Unobtrusive: the act of research does not influence
what is being studied.
 Quick and inexpensive: much content analysis, such
as that undertaken by Hastings and colleagues, can
be done efficiently using publicly available data.
 Flexible: allows the study of events that take place
over a long period of time, and across many different
locations.

53
Q

disadvantages of content analysis

A

Dependent upon available content: one can only
analyze that which is available (no opportunity to
generate new data).
 Challenges of validity and bias: content available to
be analyzed was always created for a purpose, and
researchers must be sensitive to what that purpose
was.

54
Q

why were the articles in the third study written

A

to get more read, which gets more money
- gets people to talk rather good or bad

55
Q
A

SOCI 313 (16 decks)

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