Ch 1, 2, 9

Question 1

what is deductive approach

Answer 1

theory first, then observations an findings

Question 2

what is inductive approach

Answer 2

observations and findings and then create theory

Question 3

process of deduction

Answer 3

theory
hypotheses
data collection
findings
hypotheses confirmed/rejected
substantiation, revision or reject

Question 4

quantitative research is it inductive or deductive mainly

Answer 4

uses numbers and statistics in the collection and analysis of data
- mainly deductive

Question 5

qualitative research
is it inductive or deductive mainly

Answer 5

uses mainly words and other non-numeric symbols in the collection and analysis of data
- mainly inductive

Question 6

is quantitative mainly objectivism or constructionism

Answer 6

objectivism

Question 7

what point of view does quantitative take

Answer 7

point of view researcher

Question 8

what point of view does qualitative take

Answer 8

pov of research participants

Question 9

cross-sectional designs describe

Answer 9

involve taking observations at one point in time (no before and after comparison)

Question 10

longitudinal design

Answer 10

cases are examined at a particular time (T1) and again at a later time or times (T2, T3, etc)

Question 11

what are the two types of longitudinal design methods and describe them

Answer 11

panel study- the SAME people, households, organization, etc are studied at different typed

cohort study- people sharing the same experience are studied at different times but different people may be studied at each time

Question 12

case study

Answer 12

involves an in-depth study of a single case
- can be qualitative or quantitative
- provide a description that cannot be achieved using other methods

Question 13

trustworthiness four criteria

Answer 13

credibility
transferability
dependability
confirmability

Question 14

authenticity

Answer 14

the degree to which the research is transformative and emancipatory for the people studied and society at large

Question 15

credibility explained

Answer 15

do people in the study agree with the interpretation of their thoughts and actions of the researcher
- respondent member validation (ask them)

Question 16

transferability explained

Answer 16

can the findings be applied to other contexts or people not studied?
thick description helps determine whether transferability is possible (provides enough information to conduct later comparison to findings from other studies )

Question 17

dependability

Answer 17

were proper procedures followed
can the study’s theoretical inferences can be justified
auditing - is something done wherein peers review the research and procedures to see if the study is dependable

Question 18

confirmability

Answer 18

was the researcher objective and unbiased
did the researchers way the results dramatically (if a different researcher did the study would they find the same results)
- auditing