Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cog Nero > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

Questions

1
Q

Transduction

A

taking the signals we receive from the outside world and creating them into neuronal signals for our brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adaptation

A

Integration of sensory information and learning into behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Habituation

A

being able to orient self to something you are consistently exposed to effectively “zoning it out”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Adaptation different from Habituation?

A

sensory adaptation is INVOLUNTARY PROCESS/PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON where a person becomes less sensitive to stimuli over time. Habituation is a BEHAVIORAL PHENOMENON involving a decrease in response to something over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the olfaction related to? what system is it a part of and what are other things that can be affected?

A

it is related to smell/ smell is closely linked to taste and when retronasal olfaction is effected ie you are not able to smell well do to a cold–> can have an impact on the way you taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Gustation?

A

Is the sense of taste. As motioned before it is closely linked to smell and if that is off it will have an effect on taste. There are 5 basic tastes to be aware of (sweet, salty, sour, bitter and of umami which is savory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do we taste?

A

we have papillea which are bumps on our tongs. within the bumps is where you can find taste buds.

fun fact: women have more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Somatosensation?

A

Sensory Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are sensory receptors found?

A

in the skin and tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Corpuscles?

A

these are mechanical receptors and can be triggered based on the severity of the touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

regular touch?

A

Merkel’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

light touch?

A

Meissner’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deep pressure?

A

Pacinian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

temperature?

A

Ruffini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pain receptors?

A

called Nocieptors and there are two types: A-delta which are myelinated and C fibers which are unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Proprioception?

A

it is essentially the knowledge that you exist outside of only what you can see.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Cochela’s Role in Balance?

A

the cochlea is within the inner ear and is a main part of the vestibular system. the cochlea is fluid filled. this is totally fine unless there is fluid build up. if that were to happen then a person could have Meniere disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are Otoconia?

A

essentially ear stones. more specifically they are signal accelerators. if dislodged the stones could chase vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Somatosensory Processing look like?

A

Afferent signals synapse in the brainstem–>Cross over to opposite thalamus–>Goes to primary S1 and Secondary S2 somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does everyone mammal/ person have the same size somatosensory cortex?

A

NO. IT IS PROPORTIONAL TO USAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is it possible for the sensory cortex to be remapped?

A

based on an MEG study it looks like ti is possible. looked at amities and for some touching the face felt like they were touching there limb that was no longer there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is the Sensory Cortex Plasid?

A

argument for yes: average length of playing= 11 yrs
counter: they excel b/c already have this bias–> need to teach them a new skill and see if you achieve the same result ie juggling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the physical characteristics of sound?

A

sound is like a wave. it relies on somthing for it to be able to travel. ie gas

in the ear it moves through fluid/ same process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the processes of Audition start?

A

sound first gathers by the pinna. this is the external part of the ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the second step in the Audition process?

A

soundwaves hit the eardrum vibrating it
tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Step 3 of the Audition process?

A

amplified by the bones of the inner ear.
malleus, incus and stapes
transforms acoustic energy to compression of fluid via the oval window in the inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the audition process boiled down to one sentence

A

flow of fluid stimulates hair cells located on the basilar membrane of the cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what happens if cells are deformed?

A

leads to depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the place theory?

A

-cells at the base code high frequency sounds
-cells at the tip lower frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the frequency theory?

A

cells firing is Hz/ we hear btwn 20-20,000Hz
cells can not fire that fast
volley theory– neurons firing in combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Place-volley Theory

A

is a combination of the two (frequency theory and place theory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the Auditory Pathway?

A

Auditory nerve projects–> cochlear nucleus in medulla-> olivary nucleus in the pins (integration)–> inferior colliculus in the midbrain-> hits the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus–> ends up in primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the frequency of the auditory pathway?

A

it is frequency dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why are old musicians hard of hearing?

A

loud sounds damage hairs in specific places and this leads to frequency specific hair loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How to address hearing loss?

A

1) hearing aids –> help out hair cells
2) cochlear implants–> bypass hair cells/ stimulates auditory nerve directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

After a hard night of partying with the JSA Ariella can no longer recognize her friend Maya. Ariella believes in the ___ theory of object recognition and is concerned that she damaged the cell population, or ____ that represents Maya.

A

hierarchal and gnostic unit or grandmother cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

After a hard night of partying with the JSA Ariella can no longer recognize what a jewish noise looks like. Ariella believes in the ___ theory of object recognition and is concerned that she damaged the cells ____ that represent nosies.

A

ensemble/ feature detectors

38
Q

cells in the partial lobe and temporal lobe respond differently to stimuli in their receptive fields. Cells in the Partial lobe have ____ receptive fields and respond to ___ stimuli. While temporal lobes have ____ receptive fields and respond to ___ stimuli.

A

large/ many different

large/ specific

39
Q

What is ECoG stimulation of the brain?

A

when a patient is in for epilepsy surgery it is somthing they can do to test the senstivitity to different categories of the brain (ie faces-FFA or color regions)

40
Q

Are their areas specific for faces in the brain?

A

No, we have places in the brain for our expertise and faces just so happens to be one thing we are really good at recognizing.

even in paper talking about experties we can see that faces are still the highest when trying to stimulate a certain part of the brain

41
Q

other than face selectivity are there any other category Specific Systems?

A

yes there is a place area PPA that is more active when shown places and localization of different types of object recognition

42
Q

how can you look at areas and how they are related to specific catiorgies?

A

use fMRI to compare blood flow change

43
Q

which pathway related to the idea of category-specific systems?

A

WHAT are you looking at–> ventral (what) pathway

44
Q

how to look at specific regions?

A

use TMS selectively impaired performance for category specific judgments

45
Q

What is Agnosia?

A

in ability to recognize person/object using multiple senses

46
Q

visual agnosia

A

defect in visual recognition/ no access to somatic memory/ only know what somthing is when touching it

47
Q

Apperceptive Agnosia

A

perception problem/ can see when object is altered slightly/ failer of object consistency

struggle copying cn draw from memory

driven by legion to posterior right hemisphere

48
Q

Integrative Agnosia

A

get info but can link object together/ can’t see the big picture/ CAN copy but only line by line can’t just look and know what do draw

ventral medial lesions

49
Q

Associative Agnosia

A

breakdown btwn visual and somatic information/ can recognize object and could copy image smoothly

meaning is inaccessible

left lesions to occipital/ temporal or parietal lobe

50
Q

What is Category septic agnosia?

A

different lives of recognition for living vs non living things due to different areas of the brain being activated

51
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar faces

52
Q

Bubo the Owl is trying to localize the sound of a tasty moth. He would use two clues to do this.

A

interaural time (rotates ears)/ interaural intensity (loader= closer)

53
Q

what is the structuralist approach?

A

perception is the sum of its parts

54
Q

gestalt psychology

A

this are MORE THAN the sum of their parts
continuous perception changes
figure-ground separation

55
Q

object consistency

A

able to recognize people regardless of setting or clothing

56
Q

How does Visual Perception opperate?

A

opperates parallel
partial cortex and inferior temporal cortex

57
Q

parietal fetures

A

large receptive field/ nonselective –> respond to many stimuli

58
Q

temporal features

A

large receptive field/ selective

59
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

where, not specific

can insert card

60
Q

Ventral Stream

A

what, specific

patient can not match orientation of the card to the slot

61
Q

hierarchical encoding

A

relies on leader/ whole thing is unable to be remembered with out the leader

62
Q

ensemble encoding

A

complex feature detecter/ not specific/ no need for new orchestra for every new song played

63
Q

What type of encoding is convolutional neural nets

A

ensemble encoding

64
Q

identifying scenes

A

spatial frequency

predict evoked activity from learned model

65
Q

“restructuring” scenes

A

the selection from a pre selected list of pics/ matching not true mind reading

66
Q

Reconstructing Action

A

how the brain codes motion/ from static images to movies

67
Q

reading dreams

A

this was done based on linguistic information

predict category from fMRI “sleep” data

68
Q

Are faces special?

A

possibly, some cells show selectivity for faces

69
Q

what sees sound?

A

bats, Whales and that blind kid through echo location

70
Q

How is vision measured?

A

fMRI

71
Q

How we see.

A

complex, light has to filter to the back where the photo receptor is located

72
Q

what is the scotoma?

A

blind spot in the eye

73
Q

What is an eye similar to?

A

a camera

74
Q

What is the visual pathway?

A

Information leaves the eye in the optic nerves

hemisphere, visual field, is lateralized meaning the eye gets into from both

75
Q

What happens to cells the “higher up you go”?

A

they become more selective/ cells can respond to specific locations/ receptor fields/ also can have different orientations

76
Q

what type of model is the visual pathway?

A

paralle processing

77
Q

What are Rods?

A

sensitive to low light and intense color

78
Q

What are characteristics of Cones?

A

they require more light/ and sensitive to color

79
Q

What are the colors that are associated with the different wave lengths?

A

red(long), green(medium) and blue (short)

80
Q

What is one theory of color vision that allows us to explain vision at photoreceptor level

A

trichromatic–> filters change the balance of Red, Green and Blue

81
Q

What is the theory of color vision that is realated to cells aggregating information?

A

Opponent process/ cells operate in opposition to one another/ there is the push back

82
Q

What do we know about colorblindness?

A

1)dichromats- missing a receptor
2)anomalous trichromats- abnormal receptor

83
Q

What is Achromatopsia and what do we know about it?

A

monochromacy, no cones only rods

can be caused by lesion to V4

84
Q

What is Akinetopsia?

A

motion blindness, lesions to V5 (MT)

these people can see fine but life is like a bunch of snap flash shots/ can’t see motion fluidly

85
Q

What do colorblind glasses do?

A

increases the differences/ can’t actually let you see NEW COLORS

86
Q

What happeneds when V1 is damaged?

A

this is the entering of the visual area–> leads to blindness

not all visual information ends up in V1–> can’t technically see but can guess correctly

87
Q

What is Hemianopia?

A

loss of vision to contralateral side of lesion

88
Q

What is Scotomas?

A

smaller region of blindness

89
Q

What is the Blindsight phenomenon?

A

individuals with no ability to see an object are able to know where it is

90
Q

When looking at a person “reading” brail what dod they find and what devise was used to look at this?

A

fMRI was the devise used and they saw significant activation in the visual cortex. This showed that the brain is able to be remapped to maximize efficiency.

91
Q

What is multimodal processing?

A

This is a higher organizational system/ additional visual systems merge/

naturally occurs with audio and visual integration but some ppl have special cases ie Synetheisa

Cog Nero (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions