Quiz 3 Flashcards
Age of middle childhood
5-12
In middle childhood, growth patterns are _____ and children spend much more time in ______ with friends and in structured activities. It is the stage between _____ _____ and _____
slow, school, early childhood, adolescence
To support positive child development, compliment ____ ____ ____ decisions, engage in discussion on a variety of ______, create a safe space to share _______, and encourage them to come to you with their _____
well thought out, topics, emotions, problems
_____ ______ are important in the development of the mouth, development of the child’s ____. _____ and play a role in the chewing of food. Many children lose their first tooth around age ___ then continue to lose teeth for the next _____ years. In general, children lose the teeth in the ________ of the mouth first, then lose the teeth next to those in the sequence
deciduous teeth, smile, speech, 6, 6, middle
Girls are often ____ than boys at the end of middle childhood
taller
School aged child is better able to ____, coordinate activity using both left and right ______ of the brain, and to control ____ _____
plan, hemispheres, emotional outbursts
During middle childhood, there is a slower ____ ____. One result of this is an improvement in ____ ____. Children tend to sharpen their abilities to perform ______ and ____ motor skills
`growth rate, motor skills, fine, gross
The brain reaches its adult size at about age ____ and continues to develop for many years after it has attained this size
7
____% of children aged 5-17 are overweight or ____ in Canada. The percentage in school aged children has increased substantially since the ______ and it continues to increase. This is in part due to the introduction of a _______ ____ of television and other _____ ______. In addition, we have come to emphasize ___ ___, fast foods as a culture
30, obese, 1960, steady diet, sedentary activities, high fat
Typically, a child will gain _____kg a year and grow about _____ cm a year. Many girls and boys experience a ______ ___ ____ and it tends to happen earlier in girls ______, than it does in boys ______
2-3, 5, prepubescent growth spurt, 9-10, 11-12
Many children in middle tend to slim down and gain ____ ___ and ____ ___ making it possible to engage in strenuous ____ ___ for long periods of time
muscle strength, lung capacity, physical activity
Children’s participation in sports and athletic activities have been linked to higher levels of satisfaction with ______ and overall quality of life in children. There is also improved physical and _____ development and better ____ ______.
family, emotion, academic performance
_____, ___ and ____ can limit children’s opportunities to engage in sports. During middle childhood, girls are more likely than boys to have never participated in any type of sport or _____ ____ _____
gender, poverty, disability, organized athletic activity
Sports and athletic activities can help children build ___ ___, build on their physical development and learn a sense of _____. For many children, physical education in school is a key component in introducing children to _____.
social skills, competition, sports
For some children, the emphasis on competition and athletic skills can be _____ and lead children to grow tired and want to ____. Parental ______ and involvement may also impact children’s love for sports
counterproductive, quit, aspiration
Children are in the ____ ______ stage from age _____, and are mastering the use of logic in concrete ways. They use logic to solve problems tied to their ____ ______, but often have trouble solving ______ or considering more ____ problems. Children use _____ ____, thinking that the world reflects one’s personal experience.
concrete operational, 7-11, personal experience, hypotheticals, abstract, inductive reasoning
Children in middle childhood use ____ ___ to solve problems involving the physical world (ex. _____ and _____, _____ and _____). They can also ______ items into a hierarchical structure and organize from _____ to ______ items.
logical principles, cause, effect, size, distance, classify, broad, specific
Children at this age also have an understanding that objects have an _______ or ______ that do not change even if the object is altered in some way
identity, qualities
the idea that things that have been changed can return to their original state
reversibility
Many cognitive skills are incorporated into the school’s _______ through ______ _______
curriculum, mathematical problems
the idea the changes in one quality can be compensated for changes in another quality
reciprocity
New cognitive skills increase children’s understanding of the ____ ____ around them. _____ _____ or abstract thought occurs later
physical world, formal operational
The theory of memory that compares how the mind works to computer storing, processing, and retrieving information
information processing theory
The information the first enters memory; is continuous, but never really perceived for stored in the mind and lost after a few seconds because it is filtered out as irrelevant; if the information is not perceived or stored, it is discarded quickly
sensory memory
If information is meaningful it moves to this type of memory, and includes information we are consciously aware of; only 7 +/- 2 things can be kept in this memory at any given time, and information is lost if given too quickly at a time; rehearsal can help maintain information
working memory / short term memory
The memory with unlimited capacity, storing information for years, and consisting of things we can know or remember if asked; storage must be meaningful or effective, and during middle school children often learn and remember due to an improvement in how they attend to and store information
knowledge base / LTM
Children in middle childhood have a better understanding of how well they are performing on a task and the level of _____ of a task. They become more ____ about their abilities, and adapt _____ ____ to meet those needs. They can also ______ and gauge what is significant and what is not. They also develop _____, or the ability to understand the best way to figure out a ______
difficulty, realistic, studying strategies, prioritize, metacognition, problem
Most children enrol in formal _____ programs and there are _____ in how and what children learn. Most educational programs may not have necessary resources to support ______ learners or children with learning and or other ______. Children’s cognitive and social skills are typically evaluated as they enter and _______ through school. This may indicate that a child needs special assistance language or learning how to _______ with others. Evaluation and ______ can be the first step in helping to provide the child with the type of instruction and resources needed, but it can also result in _______ social implications
education, variations, accelerated, disabilities, progress, interact, diagnosis, negative
in middle childhood, vocabulary grows to _____ at ____words per day. This is facilitated through association of new words with those already known (______ _____). There is also more ______ understanding of the meanings of a word. Children in middle childhood can also think of objects in less ______ ways, and learn _____ ___ with more flexibility. This is the best time to be taught a _______ ______ along with the rules of grammar. Children can also tell ____ and delight in doing so
40,000, 20, fast mapping, sophisticated, literal, grammar rules, second language, jokes
Children’s learning differences can change ____ _____, and the distinction between ____ and _____ learning is not always clear
over time, neurotypical, neurodivergent
There are 1 in ____ children and youth in Canada with ASD. This impacts ______ development, and make take the form of ___ _____, difficulty with ______ _____, and a tendency to repeat _____ of behaviour. There are phases in life where they have markedly _____ range of activities and ______. ASD is first detected in early _____, and is _____x more likely in boys. It varies in ____ and _____.
66, brain, communication problems, social interactions, patterns, restricted, interested, childhood, 4-5, experience, support
dyslexia is a ____ ____ with _____% of students with specific learning disabilities affected. Difficulties with accurate or _____ word recognition and poor ____ and ______ abilities. This can affect any part of the reading process including word ______, _____ reading _____, _____ and reading ______. It may also involving reversing _____, difficulty reading ___ to ____< and problems associated letter with ______. It involves parts of the brain active in recognizing ____, verbally ____ or being able to manipulate _____. Usually involves altering teaching methods to _____ a person’s particular area of concern
reading disability, 70-80, fluent, spelling, decoding, recognition, decoding, speed, prosody, comprehension, letters, left right, sounds, letters, responding, sounds, accommodate
dyscalculia is challenges with _____ concepts, such as ____ place ___. and _____, memorizing _____ related facts, organizing _____, and understanding how problems are organized on the page.
math-related, quantity, value, time, math, numbers
______ encompasses all disorders of written expression such as difficulty with grammatical and punctuation errors, paragraph organization, spelling errors and challenges with penmanship
dysgraphia
ADHD involves difficulty staying on _____ and screening out _____, particularly in environments that require focused _______ such as a school classroom. This is due to trying to pay attention to too many things at ______. It involves the _______ ____, and _____. It is more likely to diagnosed in _____, and thus many girls in middle childhood may feel misunderstood
task, distractions, attention, once, frontal lobe, PFC, boys
In middle childhood, children begin to make friends in more sophisticated ways such as _____ interests, sense of _____, and being a good person. They realize that there are benefits to friendships and also _____. These experiences allow them to develop a more _____ understanding of themselves, including their strengths and ______. Developing self concept is influenced by messages they receive from their ______, their family, and the ____
similar, humor, difficulties, realistic, weaknesses, peers, media
_____ years is a period of significant changes in relationships with ____ and ____. There is communication and negotiation of ______, as well as sharing of ______. Social interaction with other children who are similar in ____, skills and knowledge provokes the development of many _____ skills that remain valuable in later life.
8-12, adults, peers. differences, ideas, age, social
____ ____ is a central theme of middle childhood.
seeking belonging
the stage of friendship focusing on mutual activities
reward-cost
the stage of friendship focusing on conventional morality and emphasis on a friend as someone who is kind and shares
normative expectation
The stage of friendship focused on loyalty, commitment, and sharing confidential information
empathy and understanding
