Quiz 1

Question 1

Broad collection of subcultures rather than one “idea” shared view of family

Answer 1

diversity

Question 2

Two parents (typically married) with one or more biological or adopted children

Answer 2

nuclear

Question 3

two spouses without children

Answer 3

childfree

Question 4

single parent and one or more biological or adopted child

Answer 4

lone parent

Question 5

Family with children + one or more relaitves such as a grandparent

Answer 5

extended

Question 6

a couple and one or more children from a previous relationship

Answer 6

blended

Question 7

a couple living together with no legal marriage; with or without children

Answer 7

common law

Question 8

While household tasks may seem like they are equally divided, mothers are still doing more of the planning and thinking

Answer 8

maternal load

Question 9

Optimal age for childbearing

Answer 9

20-35

Question 10

child bearing age

Answer 10

15-44

Question 11

age of fetus based on the start of the woman’s last menstrual period

Answer 11

gestational age

Question 12

calculated fetal age based on the date of conception

Answer 12

fertilization / conception age

Question 13

an agent that causes damage to prenatal development producing a birth defect

Answer 13

teratogen

Question 14

effects that are not visible until many years later

Answer 14

Sleeper effects

Question 15

A hormone that was prescribed between the 1945-1970s to prevent miscarriages, but produce reproductive issues in adults

Answer 15

DES

Question 16

periods during prenatal development in which an embryo is more susceptible to damage from exposure to teratogens; The extent to which exposure from a teratogen disrupts prenatal development depends on the stage of prenatal development when exposure occurs.

Answer 16

critical periods

Question 17

an organism’s susceptibility to harm from exposure to a teratogen is influenced by the genetic makeup of both the organism and mother as well as the quality of prenatal environment

Answer 17

individual differences

Question 18

generally, the greater the dose, the more damage to development; however, teratogens also differ in their strength.

Answer 18

amount of exposure

Question 19

some teratogens have subtle effects that result in delays that are not obvious at birth

Answer 19

developmental delays

Question 20

Some substances are not harmful unless the amounts reach a certain level; dependent on size and metabolism of mother

Answer 20

critical level

Question 21

pursuing additional detailed information once a particular problem has been found and sometimes is more invasive

Answer 21

diagnosis

Question 22

Prevents problems with future pregnancies for mothers that have Rh-negative blood

Answer 22

WinRho

Question 23

when the cervix is 0-3cm dilated

Answer 23

early labor

Question 24

3-10cm dilation of cervix

Answer 24

late labor

Question 25

When the fetus' head is positioned at the opening of the cervix

Answer 25

crowning

Question 26

drug administered to reduce blood loss during birth

Answer 26

oxytocin

Question 27

one parent families in Canada are _____, higher in ____ than B.C. ____ of families are couple families, half with and half without children. In 2021, ______ families had at least one child age 0-5, representing ____ of all families in Canada. Same gender, transgender or non binary couples represented ____% of all couples in Canada

Answer 27

16.4%, Nunvut, 84% 1.6M, 16%, 1.5

Question 28

the norm that girls are taught to understand motherhood

Answer 28

heteronormativity

Question 29

14 days before time of ovulation

Answer 29

Last menstrual period

Question 30

structures in the body are vulnerable to the most severe damage when forming. If a substance is introduced during a particular structure’s critical period (time of development) the damage to that structure may be greater

Answer 30

timing of exposure

Question 31

genetic ______ twins who are exposed to the same prenatal environment may not experience the same effects of teratogens; ______ genetic makeup may also have an effect - some mothers may be more ______ to teratogenic effects than others

Answer 31

fraternal, mother's resistant

Question 32

______ are more likely to experience damage due to teratogens than females - Y chromosome may have impact

Answer 32

males

Question 33

alcohol consumption may result in _____ deficits, _____ ______ _____, ____ damage, and reduction in ______.

Answer 33

cognitive, fetal alcohol syndrome, heart, growth

Question 34

exposure to chronic stress during pregnancy poses risk for ___ _____

Answer 34

premature birth

Question 35

_____% of people in Canada use tobacco during pregnancy

Answer 35

20-30

Question 36

____ consumption may cause lower birth weigth

Answer 36

caffeine

Question 37

People over the age of ____ especially -____ are more likely to have birth complications

Answer 37

35, 40

Question 38

Exposure to drugs such as heroin and cocaine during pregnancy influences brain development such as ____, ___ and ____ regulation

Answer 38

attention, arousal, emotional regulation

Question 39

A prenatal test that looks at the blood of the baby in the mother, poses no risk to the baby, is non invasive, accurate and can be done as early as 10 weeks; looks at chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 39

non-invasive prenatal testing

Question 40

where the baby is placed on the chest after birth to regulate blood sugar, body temperature, and promote bonding with the mother

Answer 40

skin to skin

Question 41

Removal of the fetus from the uterus through the abdomen

Answer 41

c-section

Question 42

when women without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy

Answer 42

gestational diabetes

Question 43

presence of severe and persistent vomiting, causing dehydration and weight loss; more severe than morning sickness

Answer 43

hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 44

gestational hypertension; involves high blood pressure

Answer 44

preeclampsia

Question 45

seizures in a pre-eclamptic patient

Answer 45

eclampsia

Question 46

formation of blood clot in deep vein, most commonly in legs

Answer 46

deep vein thrombosis

Question 47

increased risk during pregnancy caused by increased immune tolerance to prevent an immune reaction against fetus

Answer 47

infections

Question 48

decrease in heart function which occurs in the last month of pregnancy, or up to 6 months post-pregnancy

Answer 48

peripartum cardiomyopathy

Question 49

unexpected loss of a baby before 25 weeks gestation

Answer 49

miscarriage

Question 50

too many or too little chromosomes due to incorrect dividing of sperm and egg chromosomes - may result in leaving out essential genetic material

Answer 50

aneuploidy

Question 51

Aneuploidy is ___ and cannot be prevented, but it is more common at a _____ age. Trisomic pregnancy increases to ______% for women >40

Answer 51

common, older, 30-40

Question 52

mostly occur from 34-36 weeks; can be due to smoking and substance abuse

Answer 52

premature birth

Question 53

mostly precipitated by induced labor / c section

Answer 53

late preterm births

Question 54

the same characteristic may be a consequence of one of several genetic anomalies

Answer 54

genetic heterogeneity

Question 55

the same gene may influence seemingly unrelated systems

Answer 55

pleiotropy principle

Question 56

genes manifest differently in different people

Answer 56

variable expressivity

Question 57

environmental factors may influence gene expression without changing the genetic makeup of a person

Answer 57

epigenetics

Question 58

Greatest age related risks over age 35 are of _____ and ______ with delayed parenthood

Answer 58

infertility, miscarriage

Question 59

Lack of conception after a reasonable period of sexual intercourse without contraception (one year for women who are under 35 years, 6 months for women over 35 years)

Answer 59

fertility issues

Question 60

Historically in Canada, childbirth was considered a ____ event and took place at _____. In the 17th century, the first settlers depended on ____ to help mothers. In the 19th century, the first ____ _____ started their practice alongside them. In the middle of the 20th century, childbirth widely transitioned from homes to ______

Answer 60

social, home, midwives, obstetrician gynecologists, hospitals

Question 61

The vast majority of new parents are ____ satisfied with their marriages after they have children than they were before. Mothers in heterosexual relationships report the lowest levels of marital satisfaction mostly because they tend to take on more _______ work

Answer 61

less, second shift

Question 62

household work and child care

Answer 62

second shift work

Question 63

3 social disadvantages that influence inequality in prenatal care

Answer 63

low income, education less than highschool, social isolation

Question 64

medication used in medical abortion

Answer 64

mifegymiso

Question 65

women dying as a result of pregnancy and childbirth

Answer 65

maternal mortality

Question 66

women developing complications as a result of childbirth

Answer 66

maternal morbidity

Question 67

Maternal mortality/morbidity, and infant mortality all decreased in 20th century following medical advancement in _______ ______ nutrition, and ____ _____ ____ to 7 / 100,000 and 4.9 /1000

Answer 67

maternal care, general living standards

Question 68

_____, ____ and ____ options for LGBTQ families. Experiences of discrimination affect mental health, particularly significant for ______ who experience multiple forms of discrimination. Lesbian and bisexual women face significant barriers in accessing ______ ______ and ____ ______ _____

Answer 68

adoption, surrogacy, pregnancy, women, fertility services, pre/post natal care

Question 69

most women can feel ______ in postpartum depression, _____ and ___ of their capabilities, especially because societal expectations about what new mothers are expected to handle

Answer 69

incompetent, shame, doubt

Question 70

Adolescent pregnancy decreased from _____ due to ____, accessibility to ____ ___, etc.

Answer 70

2000-2020, education, birth control