quiz #2 (pelvis -> TMJ) Flashcards by gabi beselt

pubic symphysis (pubic) joint - type & movements

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial

gliding, little motion (2mm) increases during pregnancy
-superior & inferior glide, separation, distraction, compression

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pubic symphysis (pubic) joint - articular surfaces

symphyseal surfaces covered by hyaline of two pubic bones with fibrocartilaginous disc in between

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pubic symphysis (pubic) joint - ligaments

superior & inferior (arcuate) pubic ligaments, fibrocartilaginous disc

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pubic symphysis (pubic) joint - loose & close packed position

joint uniquely shaped

no loose or closed packed position

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pubic symphysis (pubic) joint - capsular pattern of restriction

pain when joint is stressed

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inferior glide of pubic bone - leg position

slight flexion, ADD & internal rotation

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acetabulofemoral (hip) joint - type & movements

synovial, ball & socket, diarthrosis, triaxial

flexion, extension, ADD, ABD, medial/ internal rotation, lateral/ external rotation, circ.

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acetabulofemoral (hip) joint - articular surfaces

convex head of femur with concave lunate surface of acetabulum on labrum

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acetabulofemoral (hip) joint - ligaments

-fibrous capsule
-labrum, zona orbicularis, ligamentum capitis femoris (ligamentum teres)
-transverse acetabular
-iliofemoral (Y ligament of Bigelow) pubofemoral & ischiofemoral

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acetabulofemoral (hip) joint - loose packed position

30º flexion, 30º ABD, slight lateral rotation

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acetabulofemoral (hip) joint - close packed position

full extension, medial rotation, ABD

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acetabulofemoral (hip) joint - capsular pattern of restriction

flexion, ABD, medial rotation

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medial glide of femur (AF joint)

EFFECT: increase hip ABD, pain management
PRECAUTIONS: if SI or pubic symphysis unstable, L spine should be neutral to avoid injury
*pt side lying
-stabilizing hand: distal femur, medial knee
-mobilizing hand: soft contact to direct mobilization of trochanter inferiorly & medially while distracting
*suggestions: lower table, use body weight to direct mobilization, axial distraction first

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sacroiliac joint - type & movements

synovial, plane (also fibrous, syndesmosis), diarthrosis & amphiarthrosis

gliding (slight), nutation & counternutation

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sacroiliac joint - articular surfaces

C-shaped auricular surface, concave sacral surface (covered in hyaline cartilage) on sacrum

C-shaped auricular surface, convex ilium surface (covered in fibrocartilage) on ilium

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sacroiliac joint - ligaments

joint capsule
-iliolumbar
-anterior sacroiliac
-interosseous
-posterior; long & short sacroiliac
-sacrotuberous
-sacrospinous

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nutation

-base of sacrum moves inferiorly & anteriorly
-enlarges pelvic outlet
-ischial tuberosities move apart
-symphysis pubis approximates
-iliac crests approximate
-PSIS separates
-ASIS flares in

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counter nutation

-base of sacrum moves superiorly & posteriorly
-enlarges pelvic inlet
-ischial tuberosities approximate
-pubic symphysis separates
-iliac crests separate
-PSIS approximates
-ASIS flares out

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sacroiliac joint - loose & close packed position

loose: neutral

close: full nutation

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sacroiliac joint - capsular pattern of restriction

pain with stressing joint

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sacrococcygeal joint - type & movements

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial

small amount of flexion & extension, especially during defecation & childbirth, fuses with age

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sacrococcygeal joint - articular surfaces

inferior surface apex of sacrum

superior surface base of coccyx

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sacrococcygeal joint - ligaments

-fibrocartilaginous disc
-sacrococcygeal (anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, deep posterior)
-intercornual

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tibiofemoral (knee) joint - type & movements

synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, biaxial

gliding, flex, ext, hyperextend, lateral/ external rotation, medial/ internal rotation

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tibiofemoral (knee) joint - articular surfaces

convex medial & lateral femoral condyles with concave medial & lateral superior articular surfaces of tibia (tibial plateu)

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - ligaments

EXTRAcapsular: fibrous capsule, patella, medial & lateral patellar retinaculum, MCL< LCL, oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal INTRAcapsular: ACL, PCL, posterior meniscofemoral, transverse, coronary, medial & lateral menisci

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

from medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle to anterior aspect of tibial intercondylar eminence resists anterior translation & medial rotation of tibia on femur -taut in hyperextension

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

from posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence to lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle resists posterior translation of tibia on femur -taut in hyperflexion

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

resists VALGUS forces

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

resists VARUS forces

meniscus - function

acts to disperse weight evenly & reduce friction with movement

medial meniscus

attached to MCL & semimembranosus mm/tendon

lateral meniscus

attached to PCL & popliteus mm

how are mensicus attached to each other

attached to each other anteriorly by TRANSVERSE ligament of knee, & to margins of head of tibia by coronary ligaments

BURSA - knee

-suprapatellar -superficial & deep infrapatellar -prepatellar -popliteal -semimembranosus

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - loose packed position

25º flexion

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - close packed position

full extension, lateral rotation of tibia

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - capsular pattern of restriction

flexion, then extension

genu valgum

Q angle greater than 22° in women & 18° in men “knocked knees”

genu varum

Q angle less than 0°, distal tibia points medially “bow legs”

genu recurvatum

hyperextension of knee

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - anterior glide of tibia on femur: CI's

CI'd for ACL injury/ damage

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - posterior glide of tibia on femur: CI's

CI'd with PCL injury/ damage

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - medial & lateral glide of tibia: CI's

do not allow femur to rotate medially

patella

small bone in front of knee, embedded in quadriceps (thigh mm) tendon = sesamoid bone acts to increase biomechanical leverage of the quadriceps mm

patellofemoral joint - type & movements

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, triaxial superior/inferior glide, medial/lateral glide, tilt & rotation

patellofemoral joint - articular surfaces

concave posterior surface of patella convex trochlear surface of distal anterior femur

patellofemoral joint - ligaments

-patellar ligament -medial & lateral patellofemoral ligament

patellofemoral joint - lose packed position

full extension

patellofemoral joint - close packed position

full flexion

patellofemoral joint - capsular pattern of restriction

flexion, then extension

proximal/ superior tibiofibular joint - type & movements

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial gliding

proximal/ superior tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces

articular facet on fibular head facet on lateral tibial condyle

proximal/ superior tibiofibular joint - ligaments

fibrous capsule -anterior & posterior superior tibiofibular -lateral collateral ligament -upper interosseous membrane

mid-tibiofibular joint - type & movements

fibrous, (interosseous) syndesmosis, amphiarthrotic, uniaxial slight movements

mid-tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces

interosseous membrane connecting shafts of tibia & fibula ligaments: interosseous membrane

distal/inferior tibiofibular joint - type & movements

fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial gliding

distal/inferior tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces

articular area on inferior end of fibula facet on inferior end of tibia

distal/inferior tibiofibular joint - ligaments

interosseous membrane (lower) -anterior & posterior inferior tibiofibular

distal/inferior tibiofibular joint - loose packed position

plantar flexion

distal/inferior tibiofibular joint - close packed position

maximum dorsiflexion

distal/inferior tibiofibular joint - capsular pattern of restriction

pain when joint is stressed

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - type & movements

synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - articular surfaces

inferior articular & medial malleolar surfaces of tibia, lateral malleolar articular surface of fibula, trochlea of talus

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - ligaments

-fibrous capsule -medial collateral (deltoid): posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar -lateral collateral: anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - loose packed position

10º plantar flexion, midway between eversion & inversion

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - capsular pattern of restriction

plantar flexion, then dorsiflexion

talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - close packed position

max dorsiflexion

talocalcaneal joint - type & movements

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, triaxial gliding & rotation, inversion & eversion

talocalcaneal joint - articular surfaces

posterior, anterior & middle articular surface for calcaneus on talus facets on superior surface of calcaneus

talocalcaneal joint - ligaments

fibrous capsule, medial, lateral & posterior talocalcaneal ligament

talocalcaneal joint - loose packed postions

midway between extremes of ROM

talocalcaneal joint - close packed position

supination (inversion)

talocalcaneal joint - capsular pattern of restriciton

limitation of motion

talocalcaneonavicular joint - type & movements

synovial, both ball & socket & plane , diarthrosis, multiaxial gliding & rotation, inversion & eversion

talocalcaneonavicular joint - articular surfaces

facet on head of talus, facet on proximal side of navicular, anterior talar facet, middle talar facet, sustentaculum tali

talocalcaneonavicular joint - ligaments

fibrous capsule, dorsal talonavicular, plantar calcaneonavicular/spring, calcaneonavicular portion of bifurcate ligament