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Paramedic Online Quizes > Quiz 2 - A&P > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - A&P Flashcards

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1
Q

The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy is called:

A. active transport.

B. facilitated diffusion.

C. osmotic pressure.

D. endocytosis.

A

A. active transport.

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2
Q

The term inotropy refers to the:

A. control of electrical conduction.

B. strength of myocardial contraction.

C. rate of cardiac contraction.

D. degree of ventricular irritability.

A

B. strength of myocardial contraction.

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3
Q

Cardiac output is equal to:

A. stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.

B. heart rate minus systolic blood pressure.

C. systole minus diastole.

D. blood pressure multiplied by heart rate.

A

A. stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.

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4
Q

Movement of an extremity toward the midline of the body is called:

A. supination.

B. pronation.

C. adduction.

D. abduction.

A

C. adduction.

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5
Q

The reticular activating system is located in the __________ and regulates:

A. occipital lobe, sight.

B. brainstem, breathing.

C. midbrain, consciousness.

D. cerebellum, motor function.

A

C. midbrain, consciousness.

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6
Q

The gap that lies between each neuron is called the:

A. terminal.

B. synapse.

C. vesicle.

D. cleft.

A

B. synapse.

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7
Q

The projection of the neurons that receives electrical impulses from other neurons is called a(n):

A. dendrite.

B. axon.

C. neuroglia.

D. motor fiber.

A

A. dendrite.

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8
Q

Examples of steroid hormones are:

A. cortisol and testosterone.

B. epinephrine and prolactin.

C. norepinephrine and antidiuretic hormone.

D. oxytocin and growth hormone.

A

A. cortisol and testosterone.

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9
Q

Beginning with the outermost layer, the three meningeal layers of the central nervous system are the:

A. arachnoid, pia mater, and dura mater.

B. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

C. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid.

D. pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid.

A

B. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

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10
Q

The hypoxic drive, a backup system to control breathing, is stimulated when:

A. arterial PaO2 levels increase.

B. arterial PaCO2 levels increase.

C. arterial PaCO2 levels decrease.

D. arterial PaO2 levels decrease

A

D. arterial PaO2 levels decrease

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11
Q

During your assessment of a patient, you note that he is bradycardic, hypotensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest:

A. sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

B. parasympathetic nervous system depression.

C. sympathetic nervous system depression.

D. parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.

A

D. parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.

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12
Q

The most inferior portion of the heart is called the:

A. volar.

B. base.

C. dorsum.

D. apex.

A

D. apex.

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13
Q

The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for:

A. beta-1 receptors only.

B. alpha-1 and beta-2 receptors.

C. alpha-1 receptors only.

D. alpha and beta receptors.

A

D. alpha and beta receptors.

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14
Q

The parathyroid glands produce and secrete a hormone that:

A. maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood.

B. converts glycogen produced in the liver to glucose.

C. controls the function of all other endocrine glands.

D. regulates the body’s basil metabolic rate.

A

A. maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood.

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15
Q

The process in which glucose is broken down to yield lactic or pyruvic acid is called:

A. crenation.

B. gluconeogenesis.

C. glycolysis.

D. glycogenolysis.

A

C. glycolysis.

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16
Q

In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes:

A. vasoconstriction.

B. increased gastrointestinal function.

C. slowing of the heart rate.

D. shunting of blood to the body’s periphery.

A

A. vasoconstriction.

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17
Q

A patient is found to have a high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia). What is a cause of this?

A. Hyperactivity of the pancreatic beta cells

B. Deficient insulin levels in the blood

C. Excessive insulin levels in the blood

D. Decreased production of glucagon

A

B. Deficient insulin levels in the blood

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18
Q

If too much water enters a cell during osmosis, it will burst. This process is called:

A. viscosity.

B. crenation.

C. diffusion.

D. lysis.

A

D. lysis.

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19
Q

The most important nerve of the cervical plexus, which innervates the diaphragm, is the:

A. abducens nerve.

B. trochlear nerve.

C. phrenic nerve.

D. vagus nerve.

A

C. phrenic nerve.

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20
Q

Afterload is defined as the:

A. volume of blood returned to the left and right atrium.

B. degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps.

C. volume of blood pumped ejected from the heart per minute.

D. amount of blood pumped from the heart per contraction.

A

B. degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps.

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21
Q

Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium through the:

A. pulmonary arteries.

B. pulmonary veins.

C. inferior vena cava.

D. superior vena cava.

A

B. pulmonary veins.

22
Q

The ilium is defined as the:

A. bony prominences of the pelvis.

B. ligament that overlies the femoral vessels.

C. structure that overlies the bladder.

D. lower portion of the small intestine.

A

A. bony prominences of the pelvis.

23
Q

The first portion of the small intestine that receives food from the stomach is the:

A. ileum.

B. duodenum.

C. ilium.

D. jejunum.

A

B. duodenum.

24
Q

Substances that release ions when dissolved in water are called:

A. neutrons.

B. electrolytes.

C. exocytes.

D. endocytes.

A

B. electrolytes.

25
Q

In the bloodstream, _____________ reacts with the plasma protein angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I.

A. sodium

B. aldosterone

C. renin

D. testosterone

A

C. renin

26
Q

Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose following severe head trauma suggests:

A. damage to the auditory canal.

B. damage to the nasal sinuses.

C. fracture of the basilar skull.

D. fracture of the cribriform plate.

A

D. fracture of the cribriform plate.

27
Q

If the body is sliced so the result is a top and bottom portion, this is referred to as the:

A. midsagittal plane.

B. body’s midline.

C. transverse plane.

D. cross section.

A

C. transverse plane.

28
Q

The body’s ability to spontaneously cease bleeding is called:

A. homeostasis.

B. fibrinolysis.

C. thrombolysis.

D. hemostasis.

A

D. hemostasis.

29
Q

Efferent nerves of the peripheral nervous system are responsible for:

A. carrying impulses from the body to the brain.

B. involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate.

C. sensations such as pain, temperature, and pressure.

D. carrying commands from the brain to the muscles.

A

D. carrying commands from the brain to the muscles.

30
Q

The middle muscular layer of the heart is called the:

A. myocardium.

B. endocardium.

C. epicardium.

D. pericardium.

A

A. myocardium.

31
Q

Decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) result in:

A. anuria and diabetes mellitus.

B. oliguria and dehydration.

C. polyuria and diabetes insipidus.

D. increased fluid retention.

A

C. polyuria and diabetes insipidus.

32
Q

Normal inhalation is the result of:

A. negative pressure in the thoracic cavity.

B. air passively entering the lungs.

C. diaphragmatic relaxation.

D. positive pressure in the thoracic cavity.

A

A. negative pressure in the thoracic cavity.

33
Q

Which of the following directional terms describes the front surface of the body?

A. Ventral

B. Dorsal

C. Inferior

D. Superior

A

A. Ventral

34
Q

The first and second cervical vertebrae are called the:

A. atlas and axis.

B. odontoid and axis.

C. axis and dens.

D. dens and atlas

A

A. atlas and axis.

35
Q

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves occur during:

A. ventricular relaxation.

B. the diastolic phase.

C. ventricular contraction.

D. atrial contraction.

A

C. ventricular contraction.

36
Q

The brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

A. mastoid process.

B. foramen magnum.

C. vertebral foramen.

D. lamboid suture

A

B. foramen magnum.

37
Q

Glycogenolysis is the physiologic process in which:

A. the pancreas secretes glycogen.

B. glucose is converted to glycogen.

C. the kidneys produce additional glucose.

D. glycogen is converted to glucose.

A

D. glycogen is converted to glucose.

38
Q

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer to the midline is:

A. lateral.

B. midclavicular.

C. midaxillary.

D. medial.

A

D. medial.

39
Q

The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called:

A. endocytosis.

B. exocytosis.

C. osmosis.

D. diffusion.

A

D. diffusion.

40
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is manufactured in the:

A. anterior pituitary gland.

B. ventricles of the brain.

C. posterior pituitary gland.

D. subarachnoid space.

A

B. ventricles of the brain.

41
Q

A(n) ___________ is a substance that can absorb or donate hydrogen

A. acid

B. base

C. ion

D. buffer

A

D. buffer

42
Q

The substance that contains all the cellular contents between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the:

A. endoplasmic reticulum.

B. Golgi apparatus.

C. cytoplasm.

D. protoplasm.

A

C. cytoplasm.

43
Q

What physiologic reaction occurs when a person’s blood sugar level falls?

A. The pancreas secretes more insulin.

B. The pancreatic beta cells become hyperactive.

C. More glycogen is stored in the liver.

D. Glucagon production is increased.

A

D. Glucagon production is increased.

44
Q

A patient is placed in the Fowler’s position. In this position, the body is:

A. on its side with the head elevated.

B. in a semireclining position.

C. on its side with the head lowered.

D. supine with the legs elevated.

A

B. in a semireclining position.

45
Q

Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the:

A. vena cava and aorta.

B. vena cavae and coronary sinus.

C. aorta and coronary sinus.

D. pulmonary vein and aorta

A

B. vena cavae and coronary sinus.

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

A. Production of antibodies to foreign organisms

B. Temperature regulation

C. Protection from the environment

D. Transmission of information to the brain

A

A. Production of antibodies to foreign organisms

47
Q

In addition to facilitating the uptake of sugar into the cells, insulin is responsible for:

A. the chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen.

B. stimulating the liver and kidneys to produce glucose.

C. the production of amino acids and carbohydrates.

D. the chemical conversion of glycogen to glucose

A

A. the chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen.

48
Q

The ongoing process by which red blood cells are made is called:

A. phagocytosis.

B. hematopoiesis.

C. erythropoiesis.

D. diapedesis.

A

C. erythropoiesis.

49
Q

Dysfunction of the mitral valve may cause backflow of blood into the:

A. left atrium

B. right atrium.

C. left ventricle.

D. right ventricle.

A

A. left atrium

50
Q

Insulin and glucagon are produced in specialized groups of cells in the pancreas known as the:

A. islets of Langerhans.

B. medullary cortex.

C. adrenal medulla.

D. adrenal islets.

A

A. islets of Langerhans.

Paramedic Online Quizes (26 decks)

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