Lifespan Development Quiz

Question 1

The _________ reflex happens when an infant is startled and opens his or her arms wide.

A. vagal

B. rooting

C. moro

D. palmar

Answer 1

C. moro

Question 2

When assessing an older adult’s pupils and ocular movements, you should recall that:

A. older adults experience decreased sensitivity to glare and widened peripheral vision.

B. the pupils are generally larger in older adults and are commonly asymmetric in size.

C. it is not uncommon for lens deterioration to cause the pupils to be sluggish to react.

D. visual impairment is four times more common than loss of hearing in older adults.

Answer 2

C. it is not uncommon for lens deterioration to cause the pupils to be sluggish to react.

Question 3

At 2 months of age, an infant should be able to:

A. sit upright in a chair unassisted.

B. track objects with his or her eyes.

C. respond when his or her name is called.

D. differentiate family from strangers

Answer 3

B. track objects with his or her eyes.

Question 4

In general, normal psychosocial factors that affect the life of a 35-year-old person include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. family.

B. anxiety.

C. stress.

D. work.

Answer 4

B. anxiety.

Question 5

By the age of 1 year, an infant’s tidal volume ranges from:

A. 8 to 10 mL/kg.

B. 10 to 15 mL/kg.

C. 10 to 12 mL/kg.

D. 6 to 8 mL/kg.

Answer 5

B. 10 to 15 mL/kg.

Question 6

Barotrauma secondary to bag-mask ventilations in an infant means that your ventilations:

A. were too forceful.

B. did not produce visible chest rise.

C. were too slow for the infant’s age.

D. caused gastric distention.

Answer 6

A. were too forceful.

Question 7

Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the:

A. diaphragm ascends much higher into the thorax.

B. rib cage becomes flexible due to hypocalcemia.

C. phrenic nerves send fewer signals to the diaphragm.

D. natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Answer 7

D. natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Question 8

Infants are referred to as belly breathers because:

A. their rib cages are more rigid than an adult’s.

B. their ribs are not fully attached to the sternum.

C. they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe.

D. their intercostal muscles are not innervated.

Answer 8

C. they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe.

Question 9

As the smooth muscles of the lower airway weaken with age:

A. beta-agonistic bronchodilators become an ineffective treatment for acute bronchospasm.

B. the alveoli in the lungs expand widely during deep inhalation, causing them to rupture.

C. strong inhalation can collapse the walls of the airway, resulting in inspiratory wheezing.

D. the person is predisposed to aspiration of mucus or other secretions during normal breathing.

Answer 9

C. strong inhalation can collapse the walls of the airway, resulting in inspiratory wheezing.

Question 10

Patients between 41 and 60 years of age are LEAST susceptible to:

A. various types of cancer.

B. cardiovascular disease.

C. vision and hearing loss.

D. acute immunosuppression.

Answer 10

D. acute immunosuppression.

Question 11

In conventional reasoning, school-age children:

A. make decisions guided by their consciences.

B. act out so that they can get what they want.

C. seek approval from their peers and society.

D. act almost purely to avoid punishment.

Answer 11

C. seek approval from their peers and society.

Question 12

Which of the following vital signs is NOT consistent with that of a child between 1 and 3 years of age?

A. Systolic BP of 90 mm Hg

B. Respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min

C. Heart rate of 80 beats/min

D. Body temperature of 99.2°F

Answer 12

C. Heart rate of 80 beats/min

Question 13

As a result of the increase in diastolic blood pressure associated with aging:

A. cardiac output progressively increases secondary to decreased afterload.

B. the left ventricle works harder, becomes thicker, and loses its elasticity.

C. the heart valves become stiff and impede blood flow through the heart.

D. the ventricles overfill with blood, resulting in chronic congestive heart failure.

Answer 13

B. the left ventricle works harder, becomes thicker, and loses its elasticity.

Question 14

The pulse rate of a 16-year-old adolescent typically ranges between:

A. 80 and 110 beats/min.

B. 90 and 120 beats/min.

C. 60 and 80 beats/min.

D. 60 and 100 beats/min.

Answer 14

D. 60 and 100 beats/min.

Question 15

In what age range can most children begin to use and understand full sentences?

A. 3 to 4 years

B. 4 to 5 years

C. 5 to 6 years

D. 2 to 3 years

Answer 15

A. 3 to 4 years

Question 16

All of the following physical changes occur in school-age children, EXCEPT:

A. their vital signs become the same as adults’.

B. their weight, on average, increases 2 kg per year.

C. their height, on average, increases 2 ½″ per year.

D. they develop permanent teeth.

Answer 16

A. their vital signs become the same as adults’.

Question 17

Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because:

A. they put things in their mouths.

B. they are exposed to other children.

C. they do not produce antibodies.

D. of a loss of passive immunity.

Answer 17

D. of a loss of passive immunity.

Question 18

Which of the following physical changes occurs in adults over 25 years of age?

A. Settling of the disks in the spine

B. An increase in muscle strength

C. A decrease in the body’s fatty tissue

D. Hyperactivity of the reflexes

Answer 18

A. Settling of the disks in the spine

Question 19

An infant’s fontanelles are typically fused together by the age of:

A. 24 months.

B. 12 months.

C. 36 months.

D. 18 months.

Answer 19

D. 18 months.

Question 20

By definition, infancy begins at:

A. 1 month of age.

B. 12 months of age.

C. birth.

D. 18 months of age.

Answer 20

A. 1 month of age.

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is correct?

A. Blood volume typically remains unchanged during a growth spurt.

B. Girls typically experience a growth spurt later in life than boys do.

C. When this period of growth has finished, girls are generally taller than boys.

D. Boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do

Answer 21

D. Boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do

Question 22

Vascular compensation for changes in blood pressure decreases with age due to:

A. reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen.

B. a 60% to 70% decrease in sympathetic nervous system stimulation and catecholamine release.

C. a marked reduction in renal function with increased sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules.

D. left ventricular hypertrophy and the subsequent decrease in cardiac output that it causes.

Answer 22

A. reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen.

Question 23

Older adults are prone to subdural hematomas because:

A. older adults experience an increase in intracranial blood flow as well as a predisposition to falls.

B. age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater.

C. excessive alcohol use, which is very common in older adults, causes the brain to atrophy prematurely.

D. age-related hypertension weakens the cerebral veins, which predisposes them to damage from even minor trauma.

Answer 23

B. age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater.

Question 24

In most infants, the primary method of communicating distress is:

A. tachypnea.

B. incontinence.

C. somnolence.

D. crying.

Answer 24

D. crying.

Question 25

What is the systolic blood pressure range for a child between the ages of 1 month and 1 year?

A. 90 to 110 mm Hg

B. 70 to 95 mm Hg

C. 80 to 100 mm Hg

D. 50 to 70 mm Hg

Answer 25

B. 70 to 95 mm Hg

Question 26

Anxious avoidant attachment is observed in infants who are repeatedly:

A. punished.

B. hugged.

C. carried.

D. rejected.

Answer 26

D. rejected.

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system function in the older adult is correct?

A. Synapses in the frontal lobe of the brain are the only ones that do not deteriorate.

B. Cerebral metabolism and oxygen consumption remain constant throughout life.

C. By the age of 80 years, the size of the brain has decreased by 30% to 40%.

D. Although a loss of neurons occurs, the remaining neurons increase in function.

Answer 27

B. Cerebral metabolism and oxygen consumption remain constant throughout life.

Question 28

The decline in cardiac function associated with aging is largely related to:

A. rheumatic heart disease.

B. hypotension.

C. atherosclerosis.

D. bradycardia.

Answer 28

C. atherosclerosis.

Question 29

For the first year of life, an infant has naturally acquired passive immunities because:

A. vaccinations are given within the first year of life.

B. he or she is producing antibodies exponentially.

C. he or she receives antibodies through breastfeeding.

D. he or she maintains some of the mother’s immunities.

Answer 29

D. he or she maintains some of the mother’s immunities.

Question 30

Which of the following factors typically does NOT affect the vital signs of a 65-year-old patient?

A. Overall health

B. Past medical history

C. Living conditions

D. Medications taken

Answer 30

C. Living conditions

Question 31

You would MOST likely see an increased end-tidal CO2 reading in an otherwise healthy older adult because:

A. many older adults experience idiopathic atrophy of the diaphragm and are unable to breathe in adequate tidal volumes.

B. as respiratory muscle mass increases with age, the older adult experiences increasing difficulty with inspiration and expiration.

C. residual volume increases with age, resulting in stagnant air remaining in the alveoli and hampering gas exchange.

D. the vital capacity in late adulthood amounts to only 20% of the vital capacity noted in young adulthood.

Answer 31

C. residual volume increases with age, resulting in stagnant air remaining in the alveoli and hampering gas exchange.

Question 32

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

A. Middle adults view crisis as a challenge to be overcome rather than a threat to be avoided.

B. Middle adult males are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease than middle adult females.

C. Menopause in middle adult females causes an overall increase in bone density.

D. Middle adults focus less on achieving their life’s goals because of “empty nest” syndrome.

Answer 32

A. Middle adults view crisis as a challenge to be overcome rather than a threat to be avoided.

Question 33

Which of the following psychosocial changes is common during adolescence?

A. Fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment

B. Openness in speaking about personal issues

C. Code of ethics development based solely on parental values

D. A decreased risk for depression or suicidal behavior

Answer 33

A. Fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is correct?

A. Aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress.

B. A 20-year-old patient has already experienced a 10% loss of nephrons.

C. Renal filtration begins to deteriorate at the age of 70 years.

D. In older adults, renal changes are more structural than functional.

Answer 34

A. Aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress.

Question 35

Teething is commonly accompanied by:

A. a rash.

B. fever.

C. diarrhea.

D. ear infections.

Answer 35

B. fever.

Question 36

In late adults, the size of the airway __________ and the surface area of the alveoli ___________.

A. decreases, decreases

B. increases, increases

C. increases, decreases

D. decreases, increases

Answer 36

C. increases, decreases

Question 37

In contrast to infants, toddlers:

A. have a slower respiratory rate.

B. have a slightly higher pulse rate.

C. have a lower systolic blood pressure.

D. gain weight at a faster rate.

Answer 37

A. have a slower respiratory rate.

Question 38

At birth, a pulse rate of up to ____ beats/min and a respiratory rate of up to ____ breaths/min are considered normal.

A. 180, 60

B. 140, 40

C. 160, 50

D. 200, 70

Answer 38

A. 180, 60

Question 39

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

A. late-stage adults retain high brain function until about 5 years before death.

B. most adults over 70 years of age are willing to give up their independence.

C. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

D. Alzheimer’s disease commonly develops after the death of a loved one.

Answer 39

C. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

Question 40

The circadian rhythm refers to a person’s:

A. breathing pattern.

B. sleep pattern.

C. bowel habits.

D. feeding habits.

Answer 40

B. sleep pattern.