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Comparative Anatomy > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

6 cranial and lateral muscles of the forearm (antebrachii)

A
  • extensor carpi radialis
  • common digital extensor
  • lateral digital extensor
  • ulnaris lateralis
  • supinator
  • abductor digiti I longus
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2
Q

6 caudal and medial muscles of the forearm

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • superficial digital flexor
  • pronator quadratus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • deep digital flexor
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3
Q

3 caudal thigh muscles

A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
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4
Q

4 medial thigh muscles

A
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor
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5
Q

4 lateral pelvis muscles

A
  • Tensor Fasciae Latae
  • Superficial Gluteal
  • Middle Gluteal
  • Deep Gluteal
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6
Q

7 caudal hip muscles

A
  • Internal Obturator
  • Gemilli
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • External Obturator
  • Quadriceps Femoris
  • Illiopsoas
  • Sartorius
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7
Q

3 craniolateral leg muscles

A
  • Cranial Tibial
  • Long Digital Extensor
  • Fibularis Longus
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8
Q

4 caudal leg muscles

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Superficial Digital Flexor
  • Deep Digital Flexors
  • Popliteus
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9
Q

Organs protected by pelvic girdle

A
  • Uterus
  • Bladder
  • Rectum
  • Small Intestine
  • Reproductive organs
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10
Q

What are the 2 muscles of adductor

A

o Adductor Magnus et Brevis

o Adductor Longus

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11
Q

What are the 2 muscles of Illiopsoas

A

o Illiacus

o Psoas Major

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12
Q

What are the lymph nodes

A
  • mandibular lymph nodes
  • superficial cervical lymph node
  • accessory axillary lymph node
  • inguinal lymph node
  • popliteal lymph node
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13
Q

What is the femoral triangle

A
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor
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14
Q

What are the retinaculum of the thoracic and pelvic limbs

A 
thoracic:
- extensor retinaculum
pelvic:
- crural extensor retinaculum
-tarsal extensor retinaculum
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15
Q

Inguinal ring male/female

A

male: vaginal tunic
female: vaginal process

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16
Q

extensor carpi radialis o

A

lateral supracondylar crest

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17
Q

common digital extensor o

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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18
Q

lateral digital extensor o

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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19
Q

ulnaris lateralis o

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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20
Q

supinator o

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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21
Q

abductor digiti I longus o

A

lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna

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22
Q

pronator teres o

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

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23
Q

flexor carpi radialis o

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus
+
the medial border of the radius

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24
Q

superficial digital flexor o

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

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25
Q

pronator quadratus attachements

A

apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna

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26
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris o

A

ulnar head – the caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon

humeral head – the medial epicondyle of the humerus

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27
Q

deep digital flexor o

A

humeral head – the medial epicondyle of the humerus,

ulnar head – caudal border of the ulna,

radial head – medial border of the radius

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28
Q

biceps femoris o/i

A
  • Origin: sacrotuberous ligament and ischiatic tuberosity
  • Insertion: by means of the fascia lata and crural fascia to the patella, patellar ligament, and cranial border of the tibia, by means of the crucal fascia to the subcutaneous part of the tibial body, the tuber calcanei
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29
Q

semitendinosus o/i

A
  • Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
  • Insertion: distocranial border of the tibia. The medial surface of the body of the tibia and the tuber calcanei by means of the crural fascia
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30
Q

semimembranosus o/i

A
  • Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

* Insertion: distal medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia

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31
Q

sartorius o/i

A

• Origin:
cranial part – the crest of the illium and the thoracolumbar fascia,
caudal part – the cranial ventral iliac spine and the adjacent ventral border of the ilium
• Insertion:
cranial part – the patella, in common with the rectus femoris of the quadriceps,
caudal part – the cranial border of the tibia, in common with gracilis

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32
Q

gracilis o/i

A
  • Origin: pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon

* Insertion: cranial border of the tibia and, with the biceps femoris and semitendinosus, the tuber calcanei

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33
Q

pectineus o/i

A
  • Origin: from the iliopubic eminence and the pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon
  • Insertion: distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
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34
Q

adductor o/i

A
  • Origin: entire pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon, the adjacent part of the ischiatic arch, and the ventral surface of the pubis and ischium
  • Insertion: entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur 
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35
Q

tensor fasciae latae o/i

A
  • Origin: tuber coxae and adjacent part of the ilium, aponeurosis of the middle gluteal muscle
  • Insertion: lateral femoral fascia
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36
Q

superficial gluteal o/i

A
  • Origin: lateral border of the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, partly by means of the sacrotuberous ligament, the cranial dorsal iliac spine by means of the deep gluteal fascia
  • Insertion: third trochanter
37
Q

middle gluteal o/i

A
  • Origin: crest and gluteal surface of the ilium

* Insertion: greater trochanter

38
Q

deep gluteal o/i

A
  • Origin: body of the ilium, ischiatic spine

* Insertion: cranial aspect of the greater trochanter

39
Q

internal obturator o/i

A
  • Origin: symphysis pelvis and dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis
  • Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
40
Q

gemili o/i

A
  • Origin: lateral surface of the ischium, caudal to the acetabulum and ventral to the lesser ischiatic notch
  • Insertion: trochanteric fossa
41
Q

quadratus femoris o/i

A
  • Origin: ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium

* Insertion: intertrochanteric crest

42
Q

external obturator o/i

A
  • Origin: ventral surface of the pubis and ischium

* Insertion: trochanteric fossa

43
Q

quadriceps femoris o/i

A
  • Origin: rectus femoris – ilium, vasti muscles – proximal femur
  • Insertion: tibial tuberosity
44
Q

iliopsoas o/i

A

• Origin:
psoas major – lumbar vertebrae,
iliacus – cranioventral ilium
• Insertion : lesser trochanter

45
Q

cranial tibial o

A

• Origin: extensor groove and adjacent articular margin of the tibia, lateral edge of the cranial tibia border

46
Q

long digital extensor o

A

• Origin: Extensor fossa of the femur

47
Q

fibularis longus o

A

• Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal end of the fibula, lateral epicondyles of the femur by means of the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle

48
Q

gastrocnemius o

A

• Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur

49
Q

superficial digital flexor o

A

• Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur

50
Q

deep digital flexors o

A

• Origin: caudal aspect of the proximal 2/3s of the tibia, proximal half of the fibula, and the adjacent interosseous membrane

51
Q

popliteus o

A

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of the femur

52
Q

parts of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar head

humeral head

53
Q

parts of deep digital flexor

A

ulnar head
humeral head
radial head

54
Q

parts of sartorius

A

cranial part

caudal part

55
Q

parts of quadricep femoris

A

rectus femoris

vasti muscles

56
Q

sublumbar muscles

A

psoas major
iliopsoas
quadratus lumborum

57
Q

link between sublumbar muscles

A

They originate from the ventral surface of the caudal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and insert on the os coxae and femur.

58
Q

rump muscles

A
  • Superficial gluteal
  • Middle gluteal
  • Deep gluteal
  • Tensor fasciae latae
59
Q

link between rump muscles

A

• They all originate from the ilium and insert on the femur

60
Q

pelvic muscles

A
  • Internal and external obturator
  • Gemelli
  • Quadratus femoris
61
Q

link between pelvic muscles

A

• They originate caudomedial to the hip joint and insert in or near the trochanteric fossa

62
Q

loin and hip muscle groups and how they are divided

A
  • sublumbar muscles
  • rump muscles
  • pelvic muscles
  • divided by groups
63
Q

thigh muscles groups and how they are divided

A
  • cranial thigh muscles
  • medial thigh muscles
  • caudal thigh muscles
  • divided by position
64
Q

cranial thigh muscles

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Sartorius
65
Q

link between cranial thigh muscles

A

• They cover all surfaces of femur, except the caudal part, originating from the ox coxae and femur inserting on the tibial tuberosity

66
Q

medial thigh muscles

A
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Adductor
  • Pectineus
  • External obturator
67
Q

link between medial thigh muscles

A

• They originate from the os coxae and insert on bones of the pelvic limb

68
Q

caudal thigh muscles

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Caudal crural abductor
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
69
Q

link between thigh muscles

A

• They originate from the ischiatic tuberosity and insert of the medial and lateral sides of the stifle joint

70
Q

crus muscle groups and how they are divided

A
  • craniolateral muscles
  • caudal muscles
  • divided by action
71
Q

craniolateral muscles

A
  • Cranial tibial
  • Long digital extensor
  • Fibularis longus
72
Q

link between craniolateral muscles

A

• They extend the digits and flex the tarsus

73
Q

caudal muscles

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Popliteus
  • Superficial digital flexor
  • Deep digital flexor
74
Q

link between caudal muscles

A

• They flex the digits and extend the tarsus

75
Q

femur of different species

A 
•	Dog and Pig:
o	Greater trochanter
o	Lesser trochanter
o	Third trochanter
o	Fabella (sesamoid bones)

• Horse:
o Greater trochanter
o Lesser trochanter
o Third trochanter

• Ox:
o Third trochanter is absent

76
Q

tibula-fibula of different species

A
  • Dog and Pig: not fused
  • Horse: fibula is shorter, lateral fused with tibia
  • Ox: head of fibula fused to tibia
77
Q

tarsus of different species

A
  • Dog and Pig: 7 tarsal bones
  • Horse: 6 tarsal bones
  • Ox: 5 tarsal bones
78
Q

metatarsus of different species

A
  • Dog and Pig: 4 metatarsal bones

* Horse and Ox: 3 metatarsal bones

79
Q

parts of the pelvic girdle

A
  • 2 hip bones: ox coxae  united at the symphysis pelvis midventrally and join the sacrum dorsally
  • Ilium (flat bone)
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
80
Q

parts of the femur

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Greater trochanter
  • Lesser trochanter
  • Third trochanter
  • Fovea  site of attachment for ligament of head of femur
  • Body
  • Lateral and medial condyle
  • Lateral and medial epicondyle
81
Q

parts of the tibia

A
  • Articulates with the distal end of the femur
  • Medial and lateral condyle
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Cranial border
  • Body
  • Medial malleolus
82
Q

parts of the fibula

A
  • Head  articulates with lateral condyle of tibia

* Lateral malleolus  contains tendon of fibularis longus

83
Q

use of the pelvic symphysis

A
  • It joins the pubis and ischium of the 2 hip bones
  • It’s a secondary cartilaginous joint which ossifies with age
  • Ossification begins at the pubis and moves caudally
84
Q

use of the sacro-iliac joints

A
  • They combine a synovial joint with an adjacent area of fibrous union
  • This is thought to allow a firm joint with a degree of shock absorption
85
Q

use of the sacrotuberous ligament

A
  • In the dog, it is a stout cord which runs from the transverse processes of the last sacral and 1st caudal vertebrae to the lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity
  • Serves as point of attachment for biceps femoris muscle
  • The ligament is absent in the cat
86
Q

use of the hip joint

A

• It’s a ball-and-socket joint whose movements are flexion and extension

87
Q

use of the ligament of the femoral head

A
  • It’s a thick band of collagenous tissue that extends from the acetabular fossa to the fovea capitis
  • Prevents dislocation of hip joint
88
Q

use of the transverse acetubular ligament

A
  • It’s a small band that extends from one side of the acetabular notch to the opposite side
  • It continues to the acetabular lip which deepens the acetabulum to keep the femur head solidly in place
89
Q

ligaments of the stifle

A
  1. Cranial cruciate ligament
  2. Meniscofemoral ligament
  3. Caudal cruciate ligament
  4. Transverse ligament
  5. Medial and lateral femoropatellar ligament
  6. Lateral collateral ligament
  7. Medial collateral ligament
  8. Patellar ligament

Comparative Anatomy (6 decks)

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