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Comparative Anatomy > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Median

A

divides body longitudinally equally

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2
Q

Lateral/Sagital

A

Divides body longitudinally

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

cuts across laterally

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4
Q

Dorsal plane

A

cuts body into ventral and dorsal parts

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5
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back of an animal

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6
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the belly of an animal

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7
Q

Medial

A

Towards the body midline/center

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the sides of the body

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9
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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10
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail

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11
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose

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12
Q

Palmar

A

Surface contact area of forepaw

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13
Q

Plantar

A

Surface contact area of hindpaw

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Towards an origin or closest to the body midline

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15
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from an origin or the body midline

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16
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the surface

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17
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

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18
Q

Origin

A

Proximal attachment, part that moves the least

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19
Q

Insertion

A

Distal attachment, part that moves the most (often tendon/aponeurosis extending from muscle to bone)

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20
Q

Cutaneous Trunci

A
  • Thin sheet of muscle covering most of thorax/abdomen
  • Twitches the skin
  • Males: muscle fibers form preputial muscle
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21
Q

Platysma

A

Cutaneous muscle of neck/head

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22
Q

Parts of the superficial pectoral

A

descending pectoral

transverse pectoral

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23
Q

Parts of the brachiocephalicus

A

cleidobrachialis
cleidocephalicus pars cervicalis
celidocephalicus pars mastoidea

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24
Q

Parts of the sternocephalicus

A

mastoid part

occipital part

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25
Parts of the trapezius
cervical | thoracic
26
Parts of the rhomboideus
capitis cervicis thoracis
27
Parts of serratus ventralis
cervicis | thoracis
28
Parts of the triceps brachii
long head lateral head accessory head medial head
29
Muscles that move the head
* Cleidocephalicus par mastoidea * Sternocephalicus (mastoid and occipital) * Rhomboideus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
30
Muscles that stabilize the shoulder
* Infraspinatus * Supraspinatus * Subscapularis * Coracobrachialis
31
Scapula of different species
* Dog and ox: acromion is present | * Horse and pig: acromion is absent
32
Radius and Ulna of different species
* Dog: not fused * Pig: Not fused – sup and pro * Horse: fused – no sup and pro * Ox: fused
33
Carpus of different species
* Dog: 7 carpal bones -> fused radial/intermediate carpal bones * Horse and pig: 8 carpal bones * Ox: 6 carpal bones -> 1st missing, 2/3 fused
34
Metacarpus of different species
* Dog: 5 metacarpal bones * Horse: 3 metacarpal bones -> 1 to 5 missing * Ox: 2 metacarpal bones -> 1-2 missing, 3-4 fused * Pig: 4 metacarpal bones -> 1st missing, 2 and 5 are reduced/not weight bearing, 3 and 4 are weight bearing
35
Digits and phalanges in different species
* Dog: 4 digits (proximal, middle, distal) * Horse: 1 digit (support MC 3 = canon bone, proximal/middle = pastern bone, distal = coffin bone) * Pig and ox: 4 digits -> 3 and 4 weight bearing, 2 and 5 vestige non bearing
36
Fibrous joints (synarthroses)
suture | immovable
37
Sligthly movable joints (amphiarthrosis)
Syndesmosis Synchondrosis Symphysis
38
Free movable joints (diarthrosis) (synovial)
Ball and socket Hinge Plane/Gliding Pivot
39
Suture joint
bones held by a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue (skull)
40
Syndesmosis joint
when 2 bones join by a section of cartilage (tibia to fibula)
41
Synchondrosis joint
union between 2 bones by hyaline cartilage (ribs to sternum)
42
Symphysis joint
vertebraes divided by a cartilaginous joint that creates a cushion
43
Ball and socket joint
allows rotational movement in all planes (hip/shoulder)
44
Hinge joint
free moving in 1 direction (knee/elbow)
45
Plane/gliding joint
opposing surfaces with a slight gliding motion (carpal)
46
Pivot joint
allows limited rotating movements (head/neck)
47
Descending pectoral o/i
Origin: first sternebra Insertion: crest of the greater tubercule of the humerus
48
Transverse pectoral o/i
Origin: first 2 or 3 sternebrae Insertion: crest of the greater tubercule of the humerus
49
Deep pectoral o/i
Origin: ventral part of the sternum Insertion: major portion (muscle and tendinous) on lesser tubercule of humerus
50
Cleidobrachialis o/i
Origin: clavicular intersection Insertion: distal end of cranial border of humerus
51
Cleidocephalicus pars cervicalis o/i
Origin: clavicular intersection Insertion: cranial half of mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes the nuchal crest of the occipital bone
52
Cleidocephalicus pars mastoidea o/i
Origin: clavicular intersection Insertion: mastoid part of the temporal bone with sternomastoideus muscle
53
Sternocephalicus o/i
Origin: first sternebra or manubrium Insertion: mastoid part of the temporal bone and the nuchal crest of the occipital bone
54
Sternohyoideus o/i
Origin: first sternebra and first costal cartilage Insertion: basihyoid bone
55
Sternothyroideus o/i
Origin: first costal cartilage Insertion: caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage
56
Omotransversarius o/i
Attachments: the distal end of the spine of the scapula -> cranially, transverse process (wing) of the atlas
57
Trapezius o/i
Origin: median raphe of the neck and supraspinous ligament from the level of the 3rd cervical vertebra to the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra Insertion: spine of the scapula
58
Rhomboideus o/i
Origin: nuchal crest of the occipital bone, median fibrous raphe of the neck, spinous processes of the first 7 thoracic vertebra Insertion: dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of the scapula
59
Latissimus dorsi o/i
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar/last 7-8 thoracic vertebrae, a muscular attachment to the last 2-3 ribs Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus and teres major tendon
60
Serratus Ventralis o/i
Origin: transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae and first 7-8 ribs ventral to their middle Insertion: dorsomedial third of the scapula (serrated face)
61
Deltoideus o/i
Origin: spine and acromial process of the scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
62
Infraspinatus o/i
Origin: infraspinus fossa Insertion: small circumscribed area on the lateral side of the greater tubercule of the humerus
63
Teres minor o/i
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of the scapula Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus
64
Supraspinatus o/i
Origin: supraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (by a thick tendon)
65
Subscapularis o/i
Origin: subscapular fossa Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus
66
Teres major o/i
Origin: caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of the scapula, caudal surface of the subscapularis Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus
67
Coracobrachialis o/i
Origin: coracoid process of the scapula Insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity
68
Tensor fasciae anterbrachii o/i
Origin: fascia covering the lateral side of the latissimus dorsi Insertion: olecranon
69
Triceps brachii long head o/i
Origin: caudal border of the scapula Insertion: olecranon tuber
70
Triceps brachii lateral head o/i
Origin: tricipital line of the humerus Insertion: olecranon tuber
71
Triceps brachii accessory head o/i
Origin: neck of the humerus Insertion: olecranon tuber
72
Triceps brachii medial head o/i
Origin: crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity Insertion: olecranon
73
Anconeus o/i
Origin: lateral supracondylar crest, lateral/medial epicondyles of the humerus Insertion: lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (olecranon)
74
Briceps brachii o/i
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
75
Brachialis o/i
Origin: proximal 3rd of the lateral surface of the humerus Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities

Comparative Anatomy (6 decks)

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