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Comparative Anatomy > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Median

A

divides body longitudinally equally

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2
Q

Lateral/Sagital

A

Divides body longitudinally

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

cuts across laterally

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4
Q

Dorsal plane

A

cuts body into ventral and dorsal parts

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5
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back of an animal

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6
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the belly of an animal

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7
Q

Medial

A

Towards the body midline/center

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the sides of the body

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9
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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10
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail

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11
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose

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12
Q

Palmar

A

Surface contact area of forepaw

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13
Q

Plantar

A

Surface contact area of hindpaw

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Towards an origin or closest to the body midline

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15
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from an origin or the body midline

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16
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the surface

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17
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

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18
Q

Origin

A

Proximal attachment, part that moves the least

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19
Q

Insertion

A

Distal attachment, part that moves the most (often tendon/aponeurosis extending from muscle to bone)

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20
Q

Cutaneous Trunci

A
  • Thin sheet of muscle covering most of thorax/abdomen
  • Twitches the skin
  • Males: muscle fibers form preputial muscle
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21
Q

Platysma

A

Cutaneous muscle of neck/head

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22
Q

Parts of the superficial pectoral

A

descending pectoral

transverse pectoral

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23
Q

Parts of the brachiocephalicus

A

cleidobrachialis
cleidocephalicus pars cervicalis
celidocephalicus pars mastoidea

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24
Q

Parts of the sternocephalicus

A

mastoid part

occipital part

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25
Q

Parts of the trapezius

A

cervical

thoracic

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26
Q

Parts of the rhomboideus

A

capitis
cervicis
thoracis

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27
Q

Parts of serratus ventralis

A

cervicis

thoracis

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28
Q

Parts of the triceps brachii

A

long head
lateral head
accessory head
medial head

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29
Q

Muscles that move the head

A
  • Cleidocephalicus par mastoidea
  • Sternocephalicus (mastoid and occipital)
  • Rhomboideus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
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30
Q

Muscles that stabilize the shoulder

A
  • Infraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
  • Coracobrachialis
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31
Q

Scapula of different species

A
  • Dog and ox: acromion is present

* Horse and pig: acromion is absent

32
Q

Radius and Ulna of different species

A
  • Dog: not fused
  • Pig: Not fused – sup and pro
  • Horse: fused – no sup and pro
  • Ox: fused
33
Q

Carpus of different species

A
  • Dog: 7 carpal bones -> fused radial/intermediate carpal bones
  • Horse and pig: 8 carpal bones
  • Ox: 6 carpal bones -> 1st missing, 2/3 fused
34
Q

Metacarpus of different species

A
  • Dog: 5 metacarpal bones
  • Horse: 3 metacarpal bones -> 1 to 5 missing
  • Ox: 2 metacarpal bones -> 1-2 missing, 3-4 fused
  • Pig: 4 metacarpal bones -> 1st missing, 2 and 5 are reduced/not weight bearing, 3 and 4 are weight bearing
35
Q

Digits and phalanges in different species

A
  • Dog: 4 digits (proximal, middle, distal)
  • Horse: 1 digit (support MC 3 = canon bone, proximal/middle = pastern bone, distal = coffin bone)
  • Pig and ox: 4 digits -> 3 and 4 weight bearing, 2 and 5 vestige non bearing
36
Q

Fibrous joints (synarthroses)

A

suture

immovable

37
Q

Sligthly movable joints (amphiarthrosis)

A

Syndesmosis
Synchondrosis
Symphysis

38
Q

Free movable joints (diarthrosis) (synovial)

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Plane/Gliding
Pivot

39
Q

Suture joint

A

bones held by a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue (skull)

40
Q

Syndesmosis joint

A

when 2 bones join by a section of cartilage (tibia to fibula)

41
Q

Synchondrosis joint

A

union between 2 bones by hyaline cartilage (ribs to sternum)

42
Q

Symphysis joint

A

vertebraes divided by a cartilaginous joint that creates a cushion

43
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

allows rotational movement in all planes (hip/shoulder)

44
Q

Hinge joint

A

free moving in 1 direction (knee/elbow)

45
Q

Plane/gliding joint

A

opposing surfaces with a slight gliding motion (carpal)

46
Q

Pivot joint

A

allows limited rotating movements (head/neck)

47
Q

Descending pectoral o/i

A

Origin: first sternebra

Insertion: crest of the greater tubercule of the humerus

48
Q

Transverse pectoral o/i

A

Origin: first 2 or 3 sternebrae

Insertion: crest of the greater tubercule of the humerus

49
Q

Deep pectoral o/i

A

Origin: ventral part of the sternum

Insertion: major portion (muscle and tendinous) on lesser tubercule of humerus

50
Q

Cleidobrachialis o/i

A

Origin: clavicular intersection

Insertion: distal end of cranial border of humerus

51
Q

Cleidocephalicus pars cervicalis o/i

A

Origin: clavicular intersection

Insertion: cranial half of mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes the nuchal crest of the occipital bone

52
Q

Cleidocephalicus pars mastoidea o/i

A

Origin: clavicular intersection

Insertion: mastoid part of the temporal bone with sternomastoideus muscle

53
Q

Sternocephalicus o/i

A

Origin: first sternebra or manubrium

Insertion: mastoid part of the temporal bone and the nuchal crest of the occipital bone

54
Q

Sternohyoideus o/i

A

Origin: first sternebra and first costal cartilage

Insertion: basihyoid bone

55
Q

Sternothyroideus o/i

A

Origin: first costal cartilage

Insertion: caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage

56
Q

Omotransversarius o/i

A

Attachments: the distal end of the spine of the scapula -> cranially, transverse process (wing) of the atlas

57
Q

Trapezius o/i

A

Origin: median raphe of the neck and supraspinous ligament from the level of the 3rd cervical vertebra to the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra

Insertion: spine of the scapula

58
Q

Rhomboideus o/i

A

Origin: nuchal crest of the occipital bone, median fibrous raphe of the neck, spinous processes of the first 7 thoracic vertebra

Insertion: dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of the scapula

59
Q

Latissimus dorsi o/i

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar/last 7-8 thoracic vertebrae, a muscular attachment to the last 2-3 ribs

Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus and teres major tendon

60
Q

Serratus Ventralis o/i

A

Origin: transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae and first 7-8 ribs ventral to their middle

Insertion: dorsomedial third of the scapula (serrated face)

61
Q

Deltoideus o/i

A

Origin: spine and acromial process of the scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

62
Q

Infraspinatus o/i

A

Origin: infraspinus fossa

Insertion: small circumscribed area on the lateral side of the greater tubercule of the humerus

63
Q

Teres minor o/i

A

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of the scapula

Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus

64
Q

Supraspinatus o/i

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (by a thick tendon)

65
Q

Subscapularis o/i

A

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

66
Q

Teres major o/i

A

Origin: caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of the scapula, caudal surface of the subscapularis

Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus

67
Q

Coracobrachialis o/i

A

Origin: coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity

68
Q

Tensor fasciae anterbrachii o/i

A

Origin: fascia covering the lateral side of the latissimus dorsi

Insertion: olecranon

69
Q

Triceps brachii long head o/i

A

Origin: caudal border of the scapula

Insertion: olecranon tuber

70
Q

Triceps brachii lateral head o/i

A

Origin: tricipital line of the humerus

Insertion: olecranon tuber

71
Q

Triceps brachii accessory head o/i

A

Origin: neck of the humerus

Insertion: olecranon tuber

72
Q

Triceps brachii medial head o/i

A

Origin: crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity

Insertion: olecranon

73
Q

Anconeus o/i

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest, lateral/medial epicondyles of the humerus

Insertion: lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (olecranon)

74
Q

Briceps brachii o/i

A

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities

75
Q

Brachialis o/i

A

Origin: proximal 3rd of the lateral surface of the humerus

Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities

Comparative Anatomy (6 decks)

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