Quiz #2 Flashcards
What is inhalation?
The active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs.
What is exhalation?
The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs.
What parts comprise the upper airway and what do they do?
Nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Its function is to warm, filter, and humidify air as it enters the nose and mouth.
What parts comprise the lower airway and what do they do?
Trachea & lungs. Its function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Phrenic Nerve
Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur.
Phrenic Nerve
Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur. Originates in the neck between C3 and C5 and passes between the lung and the heart. There is a left & right Phrenic Nerve.
What is the Axial Skeleton?
The part of the skeleton which comprises of the skull, spinal column, and rib cage.
What is Atlas?
The first vertebra in the neck. It supports the head at the base of the skull. Also known as first cervical vertebra.
What are the five parts of the spinal column?
From top to bottom: Cervical (7 vertebrae), Thoracic (12 vertebrae), Lumbar (5 vertebrae), Sacrum ( 5 vertebrae), Coccyx (4 vertebrae).
Infant (1 month to 1 year) vital signs
Pulse: 100-160
Respirations: 25-50
Systolic BP: 70-95
Temp: 96.8-99.6
Why is breathing less effective in older adults?
-Collapsing airways result is low flow
-Elasticity of the lungs decrease
-Surface area of alveoli decreases
-Cells of the immune system within the airway are less functional
-Decreased vital capacity
-Increased stiffness of thoracic cage
-Loss of respiratory muscle mass
-Decreased surface area available for exchange of air
-Residual volume increases
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Why and how does the renal system change in older adults?
- Filtration function decreases by 50%
- Kidney size decreases by 20%
- Decreased effectiveness of blood vessels that supply blood to nephrons
- Decreased blood supply causes more abnormal glomeruli
- Loss of renal function means decreased ability to clear waste and decreased ability to conserve fluids
Baseline Vitals
- Blood pressure
- Respiration (rate/quality)
- Heart rate (rate/quality)
- Skin (color/temp/condition)
- Pupils (PERRL)
- SPO2 (oxygen saturation)
A.V.P.U.
Alert/responsive (x1 name, x2 place, x3 day, x4 event)
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
S.A.M.P.L.E.
Signs & symptoms Allergies Medications Past medical history Last oral intake Events
