Chapter 19: Endocrine Systems

Question 1

Endocrine system influences nearly every:

Answer 1

Cell
Organ
Bodily function

Question 2

A communication system that controls functions inside the body.

Answer 2

Endocrine system

Question 3

Brain needs glucose and oxygen.
Insulin is necessary for glucose to enter cells.
Without enough insulin, cells do not get fed.

Answer 3

Glucose metabolism

Question 4

Autoimmune disorder where the immune system produces antibodies against pancreatic beta cells
Missing the pancreatic hormone insulin
Without insulin, glucose cannot enter the cell, and the cell cannot produce energy.

Answer 4

Diabetes Type 1

Question 5

Onset usually happens from early childhood through the fourth decade of life.
Immune system destroys the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin.
Patient must obtain insulin from an external source.
Patients with this type of diabetes cannot survive without insulin.
Patients who inject insulin often need to check blood glucose levels up to six times a day.

Answer 5

Type One Diabetes

Question 6

Polyuria:

Answer 6

frequent urination

Question 7

Polydipsia:

Answer 7

increase in fluid consumption

Question 8

Polyphagia:

Answer 8

severe hunger and increased food intake

Question 9

Body attempts to reduce acid level by releasing more carbon dioxide through the lungs, also called:

Answer 9

Known as Kussmaul respirations

Question 10

If fat metabolism and ketone production continue, what can develop?

Answer 10

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 11

Caused by resistance to the effects of insulin at the cellular level

Answer 11

Diabetes Type 2

Question 12

Hematology is:

Answer 12

the study of blood-related diseases.

Question 13

Three disorders that can create a prehospital emergency:

Answer 13

Sickle cell disease
Hemophilia A
Thrombophilia

Question 14

Inherited disorder, affects red blood cells
Predominantly in people of African, Caribbean, and South American ancestry
People with this disease have misshapen RBCs that lead to dysfunction in oxygen binding and unintentional clot formation.
Clots may result in a blockage known as vasoocclusive crisis.
Can result in hypoxia, pain, and organ damage

Answer 14

sickle cell

Question 15

Complications of sickle cell:

Answer 15

Anemia
Gallstones
Jaundice
Splenic dysfunction

Question 16

Decreased ability to create a clot after an injury, which can be life threatening
Patients typically have intravenous factor VIII replacement infusions, which help the blood clot, either close at hand or with them.

Answer 16

hemophilia (cont’d)

Question 17

Disorder in the body’s ability to maintain the smooth flow of blood through the venous and arterial systems
Concentration of particular elements in the blood creates clogging or blockage issues.

Answer 17

thrombophilia

Question 18

Common medical problem in sedentary patients and in patients who have had recent injury or surgery
You may encounter several methods prevent blood clot formation, including:
Blood-thinning medications
Compression stockings
Mechanical devices

Answer 18

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)