Block Test #2 Flashcards by Kevin Bernstein

How long does a bee continue to sting?

20 minutes

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A medication delivery route through the skin

Transcutaneous

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Narcan/noxalone dosage

2mg each nostril. Administered intranasally.

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Giving Narcan to an unconscious patient can cause:

Seizure

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Alupent and Albuterol

Common prescribed metered-dose inhalers for asthma patients. Chemical cousins of epinephrine that produce fewer side effects and act more specifically on the bronchi of the lungs. Slow acting and meant to be taken regularly. Not effective for patients suffering acute respiratory distress in need of immediate relief.

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Early stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Compensated shock

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Late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling. Irreversible.

Decompensated Shock

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A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it; the attack is new or happening right now.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

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Disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in backup of fluid into the lungs.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

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Why don’t most people with heart problems go to the hospital?

Denial

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What should an EMT do if they are bagging a patient and gastric distention occurs (bloating of the stomach from air being pumped into it)?

Reposition the head and continue bagging as the gastric distention indicates inadequate airflow to the lungs.

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What should a person do if they witness another person go down and don’t have access to a phone?

Perform CPR for 2 minutes then find a phone.

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When can TB be transferred?

When the host has an active infection (signs/symptoms)

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Route of infection = inhalation, mucous membrane exposure, oral, or intravenously.
Incubation period is hours or days
Severity of this type of hepatitis is dependent upon -amount of agent absorbed and duration of exposure
Not contagious
No vaccine is available.
Patients may have liver damage and jaundice

Toxin-enduced Hepatitis

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Includes Hep A, Hep B, Hep C, and Hep D
Route of infection = blood, sex, saliva, urine, breast milk, infected food/drink,
Incubation period = 2-12wks
Vaccine available for Hep A and B

Viral-enduced Hepatits

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Difference between toxin and viral hepatitis

One is communicable

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Bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Transmitted by respiratory route, found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the blood stream, lungs, and urinary tract.

What is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of the critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Drugs EMT can give:

Activated Charcoal.
Albuterol.
Aspirin.
Epinephrine, 1:1,000 via EpiPen® or vial.
Nitroglycerin (Tablet or Spray)
Oral Glucose Gel.
Oxygen.
Tylenol.

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

Respirations increase in rate and depth.

Condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung disease.

Hypoxic drive

What respiratory diseases cause hypoxia?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)

lung damage as a result of trauma can cause hypoxia

How does blood flow through the heart?

Right Side of the Heart

) Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.
) As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
) When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.
) As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

Left Side of the Heart

) The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
) As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
) When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.
) As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.

A group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. The main components of the system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

The cardiac conduction system

One of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

The parasympathetic nervous system

Activates the bodies fight or flight response. In the presence of stress the heart beats faster and stronger and more blood is carried to vital organ,the pupils dilate to prepare the body to defend itself.

sympathetic nervous system

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.

coronary arteries, aorta

Where are saphenous veins located?

Legs The great saphenous vein (GSV, alternately "long saphenous vein") is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb. The lesser saphenous vein is a venous blood vessel that runs up the length of the leg. It originates from the junction formed between two small veins in the foot, the fifth toe's dorsal vein and the dorsal venous arch.

What is an artifact as it pertains to the EKG?

In electrocardiography, an ECG artifact is used to indicate something that is not "heart-made." These include (but are not limited to) electrical interference by outside sources, electrical noise from elsewhere in the body, poor contact, and machine malfunction.

A minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

If an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) is not working on a patient who is receiving CPR from an EMT, the EMT should:

Shock the patient with the AED

An EMT should not take over CPR until:

Pulse is checked and confirmed strong to ensure high quality CPR has been performed.

How to transport stable stroke patient:

45-90 degrees. Fowlers. Sitting upright.

Functions of the liver:

Detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions.

Functions of the spleen:

The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.

a bulge in a section of the aorta, the body's main artery. The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Because the section with the condition is overstretched and weak, it can burst.

aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Major symptom of aortic aneurysm (AAA)

tearing pain

Signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia:

``` Increased thirst. Headaches. Trouble concentrating. Blurred vision. Frequent peeing. Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Weight loss. Blood sugar more than 180 mg/dL. ```

Concentration of epinephrine

1:1,000

a substance that causes an allergic reaction.

Allergen

#1 cause of death for anaphylaxis

swelling of upper airway