Quiz 2 Flashcards
Friday September 13 - Wednesday September 18
What classifies a stop?
Complete obstruction of the airflow
What are the types of stops
Pulmonic oral stops
Pulmonic nasal stops
Non-pulmonic stops (ejectives, implosives, clicks)
What are labial sounds?
Sounds produced with the lips as an active articulator, can be bilabial or labiodental
What are coronal sounds?
Sounds produced with the tongue tip or blade against the hard palate
What are the 3 PoA of coronals?
Dental
Alveolar
Postalveolar
What is apical vs laminal
Apical: made by the tip of the tongue
Laminal: made by the blade of the tongue
What is palaeography?
Low tech way to see where constrictions are being made. Do it by painting the tongue with charcoal, producing a sound, and then using a mirror to see the marks
Pros of palaeography
Very low tech
Inexpensive
Anyone can do it
Cons of palaeography
Cannot use method to see dynamic changes
What is retroflexion?
Retroflexion has contact between the alveolar ridge and hard palate
Typically thought of as curled tongue (not always the case tho)
What are dorsal sounds?
Sounds produced with the tongue body, either front or back
What are the 3 PoA of dorsals?
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
What are glottal stops?
Produced by closing vocal folds firmly together
Closure in continuous speech may be incomplete, just a tightening can indicate a glottal stop
What are nasals?
Stops produced with the lowering of the velum to allow airflow through the nasal passage
What are approximants?
Made with a relatively open vocal tract
Quite similar to vowels
What are laterals?
When the tongue makes constriction in the centre so air can flow through one or both sides
What is lateral fricative vs lateral approximant
Lateral fricative: opening is wide enough to produce turbulence
Lateral approximant: lateral opening is wider
What are trills?
Aerodynamic sounds with the vibration of one articulator against another within the oral cavity
What are taps and flaps?
Sounds made with quick movements of the articulators to a contact position
What is the difference between a tap and flap?
Tap: movement is directly up and down
Flap: passing movement from behind
What are the 3 types of non-pulmonic sounds
Clicks
Ejectives
Implosives
