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Anatomy and Histology > Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Herniated disc is compressing the spinal nerve roots exiting through the intervertebral foramen between C4 and C5 vertebrae. Which spinal nerve is affected? (answer with a letter and a number)

A

C5

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2
Q

A carcinoma is a malignant tumor of epithelial cell origin. Detection of which intermediate filament protein aids in
the diagnosis and treatment of this type of tumor?

A

Cytokeratin

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3
Q

In the cardiac plexus you find collections of sympathetic __1__ (choose one: preganglionic/ postganglionic) fibers, and collections of parasympathetic __2__ (choose one: preganglionic/ postganglionic) fibers.

A
  1. Postganglionic
  2. Preganglionic
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4
Q

The afferent fiber carried in the greater occipital nerve has the cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve (answer with letter and number).

A

C2

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5
Q

In which region of the central nervous system you would find the cell bodies of neurons for presynaptic parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Craniosacral region

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6
Q

Using letters A-F (A, B, C, D, E, F), trace the voluntary motor pathway to the erector spinae muscles. Letter A is already placed for you as the start of the pathway. Use the number “0” (zero) if the structure is not part of the pathway.

__ Neuromuscular junction
__ Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
__ Dorsal horn of spinal cord
A Cerebral cortex
__ Ventral root of a spinal nerve
__ Spino-thalamic tract
__ Cortico-spinal tract
__ Ventral horn of spinal cord

A

F Neuromuscular junction
E Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
0 Dorsal horn of spinal cord
A Cerebral cortex
D Ventral root of a spinal nerve
0 Spino-thalamic tract
B Cortico-spinal tract
C Ventral horn of spinal cord

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7
Q

What artery supplies blood to the posterior scalp?

A

Occipital artery

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8
Q

What cell in the epidermis (non-keratinocytes) is involved in immunological defense of the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

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9
Q

What is the most distinguishing feature of axis (C2)?

A

Dens

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9
Q

What is the insertion (attachment to the appendicular skeleton) of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Medial/vertebral border of the scapula

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10
Q

What is the motor innervation of the Trapezius muscle?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the intermediate muscles of the back?

A

Respiration

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12
Q

What structures, comprised of lateral extensions of pia mater, anchor the spinal cord within the vertebral canal?

A

Denticulate ligaments

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13
Q

What type of joint is found between articular processes of vertebrae?

A

Synovial joint

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14
Q

Where are the cell bodies of neurons that convey postsynaptic sympathetic fibers to the sweat glands of the skin?

A

sympathetic chain

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15
Q

Which protein induces aggregation of keratin in the cornified layer of the epidermis?

A

Filaggrin

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16
Q

Which sensory receptors are found in dermal papillae?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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17
Q

____________ is a spinal disorder in which an excessive curve (hunchback) of the vertebral spine results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back.

A

Kyphosis

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18
Q

Match the vessels in column A with their functions/ features in column B (you may write more than one answer per vessel in column A.

Column A:
__ Large arteries
__ Muscular arteries
__ Capillaries
__ Lymphatic capillaries

Column B:
A. Exchange
B. Distributing
C. Resistance
D. Conducting
E. Blind-ended
F. Capacitance
G. Composed of only one layer of endothelium

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. A/G
  4. A/E/G
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19
Q

Name one specialization of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord within the vertebral canal. __1__

A

Filum terminale
Denticulate ligament

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20
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the neurons carried in the greater occipital nerve? __1__

A

Dorsal root ganglion of C2

21
Q

Which cell type in the epidermis plays a role in fine tactile discriminations? __1__

A

Merkel Cell

22
Q

__1__ is an accentuated or abnormal curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column.

A

Kyphosis

23
Q

In the acquired type of epidermolysis bullosa, autoantibodies trigger a complement/ mediated inflammatory
reaction that results in severe damage to anchoring fibrils. Which type of collagen has been damaged? __1__

A

Collagen type VII

24
Q

Rotation of the head from side to side chiefly takes place at the joint between the __1__.

A

C1 and C2

25
Q

The function of desmosomes is dependent on which intermediate intracellular cytoskeletal element? __1__

A

Cytokeratin

26
Q

__1__ is the type of joint found between two vertebral bodies. The outer layer of the intervertebral disc is known
as __2__.

A
  1. Symphysis
  2. Annulus Fibrosus
27
Q

Which structures help to form the outer lipid envelope of the skin to make it waterproof? __1__

A

Lamellar bodies

28
Q

The type of capillaries found in the kidneys are known as __1__ .

A

Fenestrated capillaries

29
Q

What is the motor innervation to the Trapezius muscle?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

30
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

Medial/vertebral border of the scapula

31
Q

Cell bodies of the __1__ sympathetic fibers are located in the __2__ horn of the spinal cord.

A

Preganglionic/ Intermediolateral horn

32
Q

Where are the cell bodies of neurons that terminate at neuromuscular junctions (motor end plate) __1__?

A

Ventral horn of the spinal cord

33
Q

Match back muscle, nerves, skin cells
Match the structure/condition in column A with their respective innervation/function/ affected region in column B:

Column A
__ Splenius capitis
__ Polio
__ Gray communicating rami
__ Sensitive to pressure

Column B
A. Pacinian corpuscle
B. Post-ganglionic sympathetic
C. Dorsal ramus of spinal nerves
D. Dorsal horn of spinal cord
E. Langerhans cells
F. Pre-ganglionic sympathetic
G. Dorsal root ganglion
H. Ventral ramus of spinal nerves
I. Ventral horn of spinal cord

A

Column A
C Splenius capitis
I Polio
B Gray communicating rami
A Sensitive to pressure

34
Q

Origin of Levator Scapulae

A

Transverse process of cervical vertebra C1-C4

35
Q

Insertion of Levator Scapuale

A

Scapula

36
Q

Origin of Trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance
Spinous process of C/T vertebra

37
Q

Insertion of Trapezius

A

Spine of the scapula
Clavicle

38
Q

Origin of Major/Minor Rhomboids

A

Spinous process of C/T vertebra

39
Q

Insertion of Major/Minor Rhomboids

A

Medial/vertebral border of the scapula

40
Q

Origin of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

41
Q

Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Humerus

42
Q

What innervates the greater occipital nerve?

A

Dorsal Primary Ramus of C2

43
Q

What innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

Brachial plexus

44
Q

What innervates the trapezius?

A

Spinal Accessory nerve
CN XI

45
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae?

A

Brachial plexus

46
Q

What innervates the rhomboids?

A

Brachial plexus

47
Q

Function of superficial muscles?

A

Upper arm

48
Q

Function of intermediate muscles?

A

Respiration

49
Q

Function of deep muscles?

A

Posture

Anatomy and Histology (8 decks)

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