[quiz 2]

Question 1

T/F: sister chromatids are exact replicas of each other, and so with homologous chromosomes

Answer 1

F

Question 2

T/F: Homologous chromosomes are connected at the centromere during the interphase

Answer 2

F (sister chromatids are connected, not homologous chromosomes)

Question 3

T/F: Mendel’s discoveries concerning genetic inheritance were generally accepted by the scientific community during the mid-19th century

Answer 3

F

Question 4

T/F: Mendel believed that the genetic traits of parents will usually blend in with their children

Answer 4

F

Question 5

T/F: Mendel’s ideas about genetics apply equally to plants and animals

Answer 5

T

Question 6

The molecular/cellular basis of inheritance that was drawn from Mendel’s work and is now correlated in chromosomes is known as ___

Answer 6

Sutton-Boveri Theory

Question 7

The idea that for any particulate trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent passes to an offspring is Mendel’s principle of ___

Answer 7

Segregation

Question 8

Principle of segregation:

During ___, alleles separate, such that each ___ is equally likely to receive either one of the two alleles present in the diploid individual

Answer 8

meiosis
gamete

Question 9

T/F: Principle of segregation is easily proven by a monohybrid cross

Answer 9

T

Question 10

By dihybrid crosses or product rule, “both loci assort independently; one allele at each locus is completely dominant; and each of four possible phenotypes can be distinguished unambiguously, with no interactions between the two genes that would alter the phenotypes”. The usual phenotypic ratio is ___

Answer 10

9:3:3:1

Question 11

T/F:

Mendelian genetics:

Mendelian inheritance is seen in the way several genes interact to produce eye color

Answer 11

F

Question 12

T/F:

Mendelian genetics:

The traits that strictly follow Mendelian inheritance are rarer than polygenic or gene interactive kinds

Answer 12

T

Question 13

T/F:

Mendelian genetics:

Mendel’s ratios hold true even in the case of linkage because it is universal

Answer 13

F

Question 14

T/F:

Mendelian genetics:

Mendelian genetics follow the blending in hypothesis of trait inheritance

Answer 14

F

Question 15

___ disease is a term for disease than can be accurately predicted via Mendelian genetics alone

Answer 15

Single-gene

Question 16

Which is an example of possible single-gene disease?

Hemophilia A
Diabetes
Cervical cancer
All

Answer 16

Hemophilia A

Question 17

___ consisting of sick children and their parents can reveal whether the child inherited two disease-causing mutations from carrier parents, or whether a dominant mutation arose anew, termed “de novo”

Answer 17

Test of trios

Question 18

T/F:

Concept of dominance:

Dominant traits more often are a gain of function

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T/F:

Concept of dominance:

Gain of function accounts for heterozygotes expressing the trait just as homozygotes do in dominant inheritance

Answer 19

T

Question 20

T/F:

Concept of dominance:

Dominant disease whose symptoms do not appear until adulthood, or that do not severely disrupt health, remain in population because they do not prevent a person from having children and passing on the mutation

Answer 20

T

Question 21

An intermediate form of disease happens in heterozygotes of single gene disease that follow dominant inheritance where they show symptoms in certain extreme condition. An example would be

Alpha-thalassemia disease
Huntington’s disease
Sickle cell trait
Juvenile onset diabetes

Answer 21

Sickle cell trait

Question 22

T/F:

Recessive genes:

It more often results in gain of function

Answer 22

F

Question 23

T/F:

Recessive genes:

Carrier individuals also show up with the disease because the recessive gene encodes for a protein that promotes abnormal function

Answer 23

F

Question 24

T/F:

Recessive genes:

Traits from recessive genes, when it comes to disease, tend to appear later in life and are less severe

Answer 24

F

Question 25

T/F:

Recessive genes:

Disease-causing recessive alleles remain in populations because health homozygotes pass them to future generations

Answer 25

F

Question 26

T/F:

Recessive genes:

Consanguinity promotes the appearance of recessive genes in tthe population

Answer 26

T

Question 27

T/F: in non Mendelian traits, the Mendelian principles and laws still operate but are hidden by environmental and gene-to-gene interaction

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T/F: non Mendelian traits appear to skew the ratios provided by the Mendelian laws

Answer 28

T

Question 29

When genes are close to each other on the same chromosome, they usually do not segregate at random during meiosis and therefore their expression does not support Mendel’s predictions. This is called ___

Answer 29

Linkage

Question 30

T/F: Some DNA sequences are nearly always inherited together, like two inseparable friends and cause non-random association between DNA sequences called linkage disequilibrium

Answer 30

F (random)

Question 31

___ is a physical grouping of genomic variants that tend to be inherited together

Answer 31

Haplotype

Question 32

Identify the dominance relationship:

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 32

Incomplete dominance

Question 33

Identify the dominance relationship:

Antigens in MN blood groups

Answer 33

Codominance

Question 34

Identify the dominance relationship:

ABO blood group: lacking H antigen

Answer 34

Epistasis

Question 35

___ occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Mutation in this gene may have an effect on several traits simultaneously, due to the gene coding for a product used by a myriad of cells or different targets that have the same signaling fuction

Answer 35

Pleiotropy

Question 36

A certain drug mimics the phenotype of a congenital anomaly when taken during pregnancy. The disease caused by the drug is a ___ of the rare genetic defect

Answer 36

Phenocopy

Question 37

For those with 40 or more CAG repeats, ___ is almost 100%, with all individuals with such genotype showing signs of severe disease

Answer 37

Penetrance

Question 38

Identify the dominance relationship:

Different phenotypes of neurofibromatosis

Answer 38

Variable expressivity

Question 39

Identify the dominance relationship:

Different genes that interact to cause type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 39

Polygenic