[quiz 1]

Question 1

Which of the following is classified under classical cytogenetics?

CGH
G-banding
FISH
Alphoid probes

Answer 1

G-banding

Question 2

The pioneering effort of this scientist led to the first attempts to determine the number of chromosomes using laboratory techniques

Answer 2

Theophilus Painter

Question 3

In the laboratory, chromosomes are stained to allow proper visualization and increase the contrast. This technique was pioneered by ___

Answer 3

Walther Flemming

Question 4

Chromosomal crossover between homologous chromosomes is important because it results in new combinations of genes that are different from either parent, contributing to genetic diversity. The process was first theorized by ___

Answer 4

Walter Stanborough Sutton

Question 5

British scientist ___’s application of radiation science was truly historic. This scientist’s work with x-ray crystallography confirmed the double-helix structure of the DNA molecule

Answer 5

Rosalind Franklin

Question 6

Who discovered the process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material (naked DNA) from the environment?

Answer 6

Frederick Griffith

Question 7

The naming of chromosomes based on anatomical-morphological concepts is pioneered by ___

Answer 7

Wilhelm von Waldeyer

Question 8

Watson and Crick are credited for the discovery of what DNA structure?

Answer 8

double helix

Question 9

The first ‘correct’ karyotype of a human diploid chromosome is credited to ___

Answer 9

Tijo and Levan

Question 10

He called the microorganisms that he found everywhere in vast numbers “very many little animalcules”

Answer 10

Leeuwonhoek

Question 11

He observed nucleus in a plant cell while studying the process of fertilization in the year 1831

Answer 11

Brown

Question 12

In 1694 in De sexu plantarum (on the sex of plants), ___ produced clear experimental evidence for the sexuality of plnt

Answer 12

Camerarius

Question 13

He believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for even higher leaves

Answer 13

Lamarck

Question 14

“all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells”

Answer 14

Schwan-Schleiden

Question 15

Its mechanism of action include tubulin depolymerization and disruption of mitotic spindles

Answer 15

Colchicine

Question 16

Aniline dyes are ___, and this is the reason why they stick to nucleic acids which are ___ in nature

Answer 16

Basic
Acidic

Question 17

Aniline is derived from ___

Answer 17

Coal tar

Question 18

Painter discovered ___, a type of chromosome in insects

Answer 18

Polytene

Question 19

A ___ represents an individual’s complete set of chromosome

Answer 19

Karyotype

Question 20

This principle states that the amount of cytosine was very close to equaling the amount of guanine, or A=T and G=C

Answer 20

Chargaff’s rule

Question 21

___ studies include techniques such as amniocentesis followed by FISH

Answer 21

Pre-natal screens

Question 22

Pre-natal screen studies are useful for studies of chromosomal ___ and ___

Answer 22

aberration
aneuploidy

Question 23

FISH could be used to study ___, such as those that are product of translocation, chromosomal gain or loss, or deletion of p53 gene

Answer 23

cancers

Question 24

The main focus of the study of cytogenetics is the nuclear content of the cell, particularly the ___

Answer 24

Chromosomes

Question 25

In CML, the fusion gene is detected in ___ FISH, in which the cell is in a generative but non-replicative phase

Answer 25

Interphase

Question 26

This technique for analyzing solid tumors was first done by Kallioniemi and colleagues in 1992

Answer 26

Comparative genomic hybridization