[quiz 1] Flashcards
Which of the following is classified under classical cytogenetics?
CGH
G-banding
FISH
Alphoid probes
G-banding
The pioneering effort of this scientist led to the first attempts to determine the number of chromosomes using laboratory techniques
Theophilus Painter
In the laboratory, chromosomes are stained to allow proper visualization and increase the contrast. This technique was pioneered by ___
Walther Flemming
Chromosomal crossover between homologous chromosomes is important because it results in new combinations of genes that are different from either parent, contributing to genetic diversity. The process was first theorized by ___
Walter Stanborough Sutton
British scientist ___’s application of radiation science was truly historic. This scientist’s work with x-ray crystallography confirmed the double-helix structure of the DNA molecule
Rosalind Franklin
Who discovered the process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material (naked DNA) from the environment?
Frederick Griffith
The naming of chromosomes based on anatomical-morphological concepts is pioneered by ___
Wilhelm von Waldeyer
Watson and Crick are credited for the discovery of what DNA structure?
double helix
The first ‘correct’ karyotype of a human diploid chromosome is credited to ___
Tijo and Levan
He called the microorganisms that he found everywhere in vast numbers “very many little animalcules”
Leeuwonhoek
He observed nucleus in a plant cell while studying the process of fertilization in the year 1831
Brown
In 1694 in De sexu plantarum (on the sex of plants), ___ produced clear experimental evidence for the sexuality of plnt
Camerarius
He believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for even higher leaves
Lamarck
“all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells”
Schwan-Schleiden
Its mechanism of action include tubulin depolymerization and disruption of mitotic spindles
Colchicine
Aniline dyes are ___, and this is the reason why they stick to nucleic acids which are ___ in nature
Basic
Acidic
Aniline is derived from ___
Coal tar
Painter discovered ___, a type of chromosome in insects
Polytene
A ___ represents an individual’s complete set of chromosome
Karyotype
This principle states that the amount of cytosine was very close to equaling the amount of guanine, or A=T and G=C
Chargaff’s rule
___ studies include techniques such as amniocentesis followed by FISH
Pre-natal screens
Pre-natal screen studies are useful for studies of chromosomal ___ and ___
aberration
aneuploidy
FISH could be used to study ___, such as those that are product of translocation, chromosomal gain or loss, or deletion of p53 gene
cancers
The main focus of the study of cytogenetics is the nuclear content of the cell, particularly the ___
Chromosomes
In CML, the fusion gene is detected in ___ FISH, in which the cell is in a generative but non-replicative phase
Interphase
This technique for analyzing solid tumors was first done by Kallioniemi and colleagues in 1992
Comparative genomic hybridization
