Quiz 2

Question 1

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 1

Packing and processing center

Question 2

Glycocalyx

Answer 2

Carbohydrate coating on outside of cell

Question 3

RNA Polymerase

Answer 3

Unzips DNA strand during transcription

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

Important for cell membrane fluidity

Question 5

Chemotaxis

Answer 5

Cell movement based on chemicals

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

DIgests endocytotic vesicles

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

DNA -> RNA

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

Powerhouse of the cell

Question 9

Translation

Answer 9

RNA -> Proteins

Question 10

Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Important for lipid synthesis

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

Important for protein translation
Contains mainly RNA and proteins

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

Energy currency of the cell

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 13

-Glycogen, is a large glucose polymer, which serves as storage of glucose.
-typically glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to Acetyl CoA.
-Oxidative phosphorylation generates the majority of ATP molecules.
-Oxidation of 1mol of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy.

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true?

Answer 14

-Glycolysis alone ineffectively converts nutrients into energy
-The majority of ATP is generated during oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about translation are true?

Answer 15

-Multiple ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule.
-Each codon codes for one amino acid.
-Transfer RNA acts as a carrier molecule during protein synthesis.
-Translation is initiated in the cytosol; protein is synthesized in ribosomes anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane; protein is carried in membrane-bound vesicles to the Golgi network for packaging.

Question 16

The pH of the gastric contents is lowest under which condition?

Answer 16

Between meals

Question 17

How does the “law of the gut” ensure food travels only in one direction

Answer 17

The “Law of the gut” states that stimulation of the gut produces excitation above and relaxation below in an ordely sequence. The digestive tract has special muscles along its course called splincters. They relax downstream to let food and liquid pass into your stomach and tichgten to prevent backflow.

Question 18

Describe how chewing food is important for digestin and how it affecvts the rate of digestion.

Answer 18

Chewing food helps the stomach metabolise the food by breaking larger food into smaller fragments. These smaller fragments have less volume for the enzymes in the stomach to digest, this increasing the rate of digestion. Chewing food. also makes it easier for the GI tract to move the food. Chewing breaks indigestable membranes.