Quiz 2 Flashcards
Golgi Apparatus
Packing and processing center
Glycocalyx
Carbohydrate coating on outside of cell
RNA Polymerase
Unzips DNA strand during transcription
Cholesterol
Important for cell membrane fluidity
Chemotaxis
Cell movement based on chemicals
Lysosome
DIgests endocytotic vesicles
Transcription
DNA -> RNA
Mitochondrion
Powerhouse of the cell
Translation
RNA -> Proteins
Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
Important for lipid synthesis
Ribosome
Important for protein translation
Contains mainly RNA and proteins
ATP
Energy currency of the cell
Which of the following statements is true?
-Glycogen, is a large glucose polymer, which serves as storage of glucose.
-typically glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to Acetyl CoA.
-Oxidative phosphorylation generates the majority of ATP molecules.
-Oxidation of 1mol of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy.
Which of the following statements are true?
-Glycolysis alone ineffectively converts nutrients into energy
-The majority of ATP is generated during oxidative phosphorylation.
Which of the following statements about translation are true?
-Multiple ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule.
-Each codon codes for one amino acid.
-Transfer RNA acts as a carrier molecule during protein synthesis.
-Translation is initiated in the cytosol; protein is synthesized in ribosomes anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane; protein is carried in membrane-bound vesicles to the Golgi network for packaging.
The pH of the gastric contents is lowest under which condition?
Between meals
How does the “law of the gut” ensure food travels only in one direction
The “Law of the gut” states that stimulation of the gut produces excitation above and relaxation below in an ordely sequence. The digestive tract has special muscles along its course called splincters. They relax downstream to let food and liquid pass into your stomach and tichgten to prevent backflow.
Describe how chewing food is important for digestin and how it affecvts the rate of digestion.
Chewing food helps the stomach metabolise the food by breaking larger food into smaller fragments. These smaller fragments have less volume for the enzymes in the stomach to digest, this increasing the rate of digestion. Chewing food. also makes it easier for the GI tract to move the food. Chewing breaks indigestable membranes.
