Organelles and their Functions

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

-Samrtest units of life
-self-replicate

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

small structures within the cytoplasm that carry out functions necessary to maintain homeostasis within the cell

Question 3

parts of the cytoskeleton

Answer 3

-filaments
-microtubules
-centrioles

Question 4

plasma membrane

Answer 4

creates a barrier between the cytosol and the extracellular matrix

Question 5

phospholipid molecules

Answer 5

-main structural components of the membrane
-forms an amphipathic bilyaer

Question 6

pumps

Answer 6

transport ions, sugars, amino acids across membranes

Question 7

channels

Answer 7

allow small ions and molecules to pass freely in and out of the cell

Question 8

receptors

Answer 8

recognize and bind with ligands

Question 9

linkers

Answer 9

anchor the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix

Question 10

enzymes

Answer 10

have many different roles. one example is ATPases participate in ion pumping

Question 11

structural protiens

Answer 11

form junctions with neighboring cells

Question 12

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

does not have ribosomes, making it look smooth.

Question 13

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

has ribosomes

Question 14

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

produces proteins, metabolizes and transports lipids, detoxifies poisons. protein production appears within the ribosomes

Question 15

golgi apparatus

Answer 15

receives and modifies proteins (aka packing and processing center)

Question 16

mitochondrion

Answer 16

-powerhouse of the cell
-intermembrane space and the matriox is the space between the inner and outer membranes.
-ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA can be found in the matrix

Question 17

cellular respiration

Answer 17

-occurs in the mitochondria
-generates energy from sugares and fats

Question 18

peroxisomes

Answer 18

single membrane compartments that contain enzymes used to remove hydrogen atoms from substances.

Question 19

lysomes

Answer 19

membranous sacs that hydrolyze macromolecules to carry out intracellular digestion.
-digests endocytotic vesicles
-used to digest food (phagocytosis)
-recylces the cells own materials (autophagy)

Question 20

codons

Answer 20

nucleotide bases in groups of three.
-first read: start codon
each consecutive codon respresents a specific amino acid that is then brought to the ribosome by tRNA.

Question 21

mictotubules

Answer 21

-involved in the movement of organelles
-elongated nonbranching polymers.

Question 22

actin

Answer 22

actin filaments are thinner and more flexible than microtubles. they can anchor movement of membrane proteins.

Question 23

centrioles

Answer 23

organelles consisitng on 9 microtuble tripplets organized into cylinders. they form basal bodies and mitotic spindels. determine the location of mitotic spindels during anaphase.

Question 24

basal bodies

Answer 24

used as building blockes for flagella and cilla

Question 25

mitotic spindles

Answer 25

involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

Question 26

glycocalyx

Answer 26

carbohydrate coating on outside of the cell

Question 27

RNA Polymerase

Answer 27

unzips DNA strand during transcription

Question 28

cholesterol

Answer 28

improtant for cell membrane fluidity

Question 29

transcription

Answer 29

DNA -> RNA

Question 30

translation

Answer 30

RNA -> Proteins

Question 31

agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 31

important for lipid synthesis

Question 32

ribosome

Answer 32

important for protein translation
contains mainly RNA and proteins

Question 33

ATP

Answer 33

energy currency of the cell

Question 34

chemotaxis

Answer 34

cell movement based on chemicals

Question 35

proteomics

Answer 35

the large scale analysis of proteins

Question 36

genomics

Answer 36

the large scale study of the genome