Quiz Flashcards
acceptance of facts because the person is highly respected
authority
coming to direct knolwedge without reasoning
intuition
unquestioning faith in the truth of some matter held due to fear of uncertainty
Tenacity
use of discourse and logic
Rationalization
learning through experience
basis of the scientific method
Empiricism
Determinism Systematic Observations Public Knowledge Objectivity Data Based Conclusions Tentative Conclusions Answerable Questions
Attributes of Scientific Thinking
all events have causes
determinism
events can be predicted but only with a probability greater than chance
Statistical Determinism
aspects of this attribute include:
- precise definitions
- reliable and valid measuring tools
- accepted methodology
- systems of logic for drawing conclusions
Systematic Observation
Moving knowledge into the public sphere objectively
public knowledge
observation that’s verified by more than one observer
objectivity
conclusions about human behavior that can be supported by evidence gathered through systematic procedure
Data Based Conclusion
conclusions that are subject to revision or change based on future research
Tentative Conclusions
questions that can be answered using the scientific method
Empirical Questions
T/F
theories can’t be proven only can provide support for a claim
True
any field that seems to use the scientific method but is based on inadequate unscientific methods
Pseudoscience
- associates with true science
- relies on anecdotal evidence
- avoids falsification requirements
- oversimplifies complex phenomenon
Ways to identify pseudoscience
- describe behavior
- predict behavior
- explain behavior
- correctly apply findings about behavior
Role of research in psychology
- develop theory & hypothesis
- designing studies
- collect data
- analyze data
- communicate the research results
Research Process
standards governing the conduct of a person or members of a profession
Ethics
- Beneficence and nonmaleficence
- fidelity and responsibility
- integrity
- justice
- respect for people’s rights
APA Guidelines
researchers must weigh the costs and benefits of the research they want to conduct in order to benefit society and not harm others
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
researchers must be aware that they represent the field and they must exemplify the highest standard
fidelity and responsibility
honesty in research
integrity
researchers must safeguard confidentiality and protect the rights of volunteer
respect for people’s rights
Should contain as few participant costs as possible
Human Research
Weigh costs for researchers // protect participants and researchers.
Reviews study and offer suggestions and questions
Institutional Review Board
Ability to be informed
True Volunteers
Participants need to know what they need to do
Informed
Allowed if: As minimal as possible No other way to study Can't add undue risk Must tell them about it before the study is over
Deception
No longer able to make their own decisions Examples: Children Special needs Elderly Incarcerated
Special Populations
T/F
Consent doesn’t override assent
True
If observation is completely public behavior Anonymous questionnaire Archival data Class demonstration purposes Employment related activities
When you don’t need consent
Following through with promises
Compensation, time, privacy
Treating patient well
Tell them what the study is about
Debriefing
Telling the hypothesis
Dehoax
Improve mood and tell about deception
Desensitize
When you ask the participant general questions and eventually get down to more specific questions until they are able to figure out the deception on their own
Funnel Debriefing
