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BMS 185 Lecture > Quiz 11 > Flashcards

Quiz 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum weight requirement for a blood donor?

A

10.5 mL/kg or 110 lbs.

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2
Q

What is the pulse (beat/min) requirement?

A

50-100 beats per minute

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3
Q

What is the BP range for blood donors?

A

less than 180/100

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4
Q

What should not be on the:
1. arms
2. antecubital region (inner elbow)

A
  1. track marks (from IV drug use)
  2. lesions
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5
Q

What is the hemoglobin range for:
1. males
2. females

A
  1. 13.0 g/dl or greater
  2. 12.5 g/dl or greater
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6
Q

What is Autologous Blood Collection?

A

Donating blood for yourself in preparation for a future surgery

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7
Q

Why would someone decide to donate blood autologously?

A

rare blood type/difficult blood type compatiblity

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8
Q

What is the max amount for Autologous blood collection?

A

11.0 g/dL

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9
Q

Does Autologous Blood Collection have any age restrictions?

A

no

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10
Q

What is the percentage of discarded Autologous Blood?

A

50%

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11
Q

Does Autologous Blood cross over to the general blood supply if unused?

A

no

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12
Q

When is viral markers NOT performed for Autologous Blood?

A

if the blood is given in the same place it’s been collected

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13
Q

What is Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution?

A

Collection of whole blood from a patient who is about to have surgery and replacement with crystalloids or colloids

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14
Q

What is the max amount of blood collected for Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution?

A

12 g/dL

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15
Q

What is the expiration of blood for Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution? Why?

A
  1. less than 8 hrs
  2. to retain the platelet and coagulation factor functioning
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16
Q

Multiple units are collected for Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution. What unit has the highest hematocrit?

A

the first unit

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17
Q

When should the first unit of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution blood be transfused?

A

it should be the last pack transfused… AFTER BLEEDING HAS STOPPED

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18
Q

What is Intraoperative Blood Salvage?

A
  1. Blood, that is lost during surgery, is collected
  2. Collected blood is washed/filtered
  3. Filtered blood is returned (put back) to the patient
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19
Q

When is Intraoperative Blood Salvage used?

A

surgeries with large amounts of blood loss

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20
Q

Why do some Jehovah’s Witness patients accept Intraoperative Blood Salvage transfusions?

A

the blood collected is also transfused back; continuous circuit and so the blood is considered not to have left the body

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21
Q

What is directed donation?

A

donation for someone you know

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22
Q

Is directed donation blood units crossed over to the general inventory?

A

yes, it also must meet blood restrictions/criteria

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23
Q

What types of transfusion therapy can a single whole blood donation provide?

A
  1. packed RBCs
  2. platelets
  3. fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
  4. cryoprecipitate (CRYO)
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24
Q

Why is whole blood not usually transfused?

A

TL;DR it’s useless if it’s not fresh

it would have to be very fresh in order to provide functioning platelets and coagulation factors and is difficult to obtain; also ABH antibodies can be introduced (hemolytic reaction)

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25
Q

How can RBCs be obtained from whole blood?

A
  1. centrifugation
  2. apheresis
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26
Q

What temperature is packed RBCs stored?

A

1-6°C

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27
Q

***What is the shelf-life of blood in Citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD)?

A

21 days

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28
Q

***What is the shelf-life of blood in Citrate phosphate dextrose- adenine (CPDA-1)?

A

35 days

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29
Q

***What is the shelf-life of blood in Additive solutions?

A

42 days

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30
Q

What is the percentage of the hematocrit (of RBCs) collected in CPD or CPDA-1?

A

65-85%

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31
Q

What is the percentage of the hematocrit (of RBCs) collected in additive solutions?

A

55-65%

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32
Q

How can babies have repeated transfusions with the same pack of donor blood?

A

STERILE DOCKING! take repeated aliquots from a RBC unit

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33
Q

When is packed RBCs used?

A
  1. treatment of symptomatic anemia
  2. bleeds during surgery
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34
Q

What is Leukoreduced RBCs?

A

no WBC in the blood unit (filtered out)
[less than 5 x 10^6 white cells in the unit with about 85% of the original amount of RBCs]

35
Q

Is Leukoreduced RBCs CMV safe?

A

yes, it is an equivalent of a CMV seronegative product

36
Q

Why is Leukoreduced RBCs used?

A

helps prevent febrile-nonhemolytic reactions

37
Q

How is blood leukoreduced?

A

obtained by filtration at the time of collection or within about 72 hours of collection

38
Q

Why is Irradiated Red Blood Cells used?

A

For prevention of transfusion-associated GVHD in susceptible patients-inhibits T cells

39
Q

How is Irradiated Red Blood Cells made?

A

Gamma irradiation of 2500 rads to center of the unit; causes single strand breaks in DNA

40
Q

What is the shelf-life of Irradiated Red Blood Cells?

A

28 days or the original shelf-life

41
Q

Why does washed RBCs need to be used within 24 hrs?

A

an open system is obtained, so if used past 24 hrs, there is a risk of bacterial contamination

42
Q

Why is washed RBCs used?

A

Helps prevent repeat allergic reactions and may also be used to transfuse IgA deficient patients

43
Q

What is washed RBCs?

A

RBCs w/o plasma

44
Q

How is washed RBCs made?

A

Washing RBCs with normal saline to remove plasma

45
Q

What is Frozen Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells?

A

RBCs that are frozen with glycerol as a cryoprotective agent

46
Q

What is the shelf-life of Frozen Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells?

47
Q

What is the shelf-life of !THAWED! Frozen Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells? Why?

A

24 hours since an open system is created in the process

48
Q

What type of blood utilizes the Frozen Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells technique?

A

Rare RBCs and some O negative

49
Q

What are Platelet Concentrates also known as?

A

random donor platelets

50
Q

Where are Platelet Concentrates derived from?

A

whole blood via centrifugation

51
Q

Do Platelet Concentrates need to be pooled to be given a therapeutic dose?

52
Q

How many platelets are in one unit of Platelet Concentrate?

A

5.5 x 10^10 platelets

53
Q

What temperature is Platelet Concentrate stored? For how long?

A

20-24°C with gentle agitation for 5 days

54
Q

What MUST BE the pH of Platelet Concentrates be, after 5 days?

A

greater than 6.2

55
Q

What are Platelet Concentrates replaced with?

A

apheresis platelets

56
Q

Platelet concentrates may be:

A
  1. leukoreduced
  2. cultured with no growth prior to release for transfusion
  3. irradiated without change of shelf-life
  4. washed (and transfused w/in 4 hrs
57
Q

What are Apheresis Platelets also known as?

A

single donor platelets

58
Q

What are Apheresis Platelets?

A

Leukoreduced by the instrument at the time of collection

59
Q

What temperature are Apheresis Platelets stored at? for how long?

A
  1. 20-24°C with continuous soft agitation
  2. for 5 days
60
Q

How many (1. platelets 2. WBCs) are in Apheresis Platelets?

A
  1. at least 3x10^11 platelets
  2. less than 5x10^6 WBCs
61
Q

When are Apheresis Platelets cultured? (expiration?)

A

within 48 hrs

62
Q

What percentage of Apheresis Platelets are utilized?

63
Q

What MUST be done to Apheresis Platelets?

A

irradiated (no change in shelf life) or washed (4 hour shelf life)

64
Q

Are Apheresis Platelets CMV safe?

65
Q

What temperature is plasma stored at?

66
Q

What is the shelf-life of plasma?

67
Q

How do you make Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)?

A

1.separated from whole blood
2. placed in a freezer within 8 hours of collection
[possesses all coagulation factors at 100%]

68
Q

How do you make plasma?

A
  1. be separated from whole blood
  2. placed in a freezer within 24 hours of collection; slight loss of factors V and VIII
69
Q

What coagulation factors does fresh frozen plasma (FFP) have?

70
Q

What coagulation factors does plasma have?

A

all, but less factor V (5) and VIII (8)

71
Q

How do you make apheresis plasma?

A

must be placed in a freezer within 6 hours of collection

72
Q

How is plasma thawed for transfusion?

A

37°C in a water bath

73
Q

How do you store thawed plasma?

A

1-6°C for 24 hours

74
Q

What is the shelf-life of thawed plasma?

A

extended for up to 5 days and the product is renamed as “thawed plasma”

75
Q

What is plasma used for?

A

to replace coagulation factors in patients with elevated PT or aPTT from factor deficiencies from decreased production by the liver to increased utilization for example in DIC

76
Q

How is Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO) prepared?

A
  1. thawing FFP at 1-6°C
  2. reconstituting the precipitate in approximately 10-15 mL of plasma
77
Q

What does Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO) contain?

A
  1. fibrinogen ( > 150 mg)
  2. factor VIII ( > 80 IU)
  3. von Willebrand factor
  4. factor XIII
  5. fibronectin
78
Q

How do you store Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO)?

A

stored at -18°C or colder for 1 year

79
Q

What is the shelf-life of Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO)?

80
Q

What temperature do you thaw Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO)?

81
Q

What is the procedure for transfusing thawed Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO)?

A
  1. kept at room temperature
  2. transfused within 6 hours
82
Q

Does Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO) need to be pooled to be given a therapeutic dose?

A

yes (keep upto 4 hrs at room temp)

83
Q

Can Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO) be pre-pooled?

A

yes, if frozen (shelf-life 6 hrs)

84
Q

What is Cryoprecipitate Antihemophilic Factor (CRYO AHF or CRYO) used for?

A

fibrinogen replacement

BMS 185 Lecture (11 decks)

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