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NURS 406 > Quiz 1: Nutritional/Fluid Requirements and Stages of Development > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Nutritional/Fluid Requirements and Stages of Development Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric calculations are based on what?

A

Weight -> always in kilograms** (2.2 lbs = 1 kg)

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2
Q

Calorie Requirements: Infants 0-6 months

A

108 cal/kg/day

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3
Q

Calorie Requirements: 6-12 months

A

98 cal/kg/day

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4
Q

Calorie Requirements: 1-3 y/o

A

102 cal/kg/day

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5
Q

Calorie Requirements: 4-6 y/o

A

90 cal/kg/day

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6
Q

Calorie Requirements: 7-10 y/o

A

70 cal/kg/day

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7
Q

Calorie Requirements: Males 11-14 y/o

A

55 cal/kg/day

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8
Q

Calorie Requirements: Males 15-18 y/o

A

45 cal/kg/day

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9
Q

Calorie Requirements: Females 11-14 y/o

A

47 cal/kg/day

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10
Q

Calorie Requirements: Females 15-18 y/o

A

40 cal/kg/day

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11
Q

Breakdown of Ages: Infant

A

Birth-1 year

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12
Q

Breakdown of Ages: Toddler

A

1-2 years

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13
Q

Breakdown of Ages: Preschooler

A

3-5 years

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14
Q

Breakdown of Ages: Young school-age

A

6-7 years

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15
Q

Breakdown of Ages: School-age

A

8-11 years

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16
Q

Breakdown of Ages: Adolescent

A

12-18 years

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17
Q

Fluid Maintenance Requirements: 100,50, 20 rule

A
  1. The first 10 kg you multiply by 100
  2. The second 10 kg you multiply by 50
  3. The remain kg you multiply by 20
  4. Add together → total fluid needed per day to maintain hydration
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18
Q

Medication: Safe Doses

A
  • Patient wt in kg
  • Look at physician order
  • Look at reliable drug book source for the safe dose
  • The highest amount within the safe range is multiplied by pt wt.
  • Make sure the physician order is less than the safe range calculated
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19
Q

Medication Safe Doses: Per dose

A

No frequency needs to be calculated

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20
Q

Medication Safe Doses: Per day

A

Just calculate the ordered frequency

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21
Q

Safe doses have frequency recommendations

A

Need to figure out the day frequency from the safe dose by multiplying

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22
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Infancy (birth to 18 months)

A

Trust vs Mistrust

23
Q

What are important events that occur in infants according to Erickson’s Psychosocial stages?

A

Feeding

24
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Trust vs Mistrust Outcome

A
  • Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.
  • A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
  • Characterized by HOPE
25
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Trust vs. Mistrust Interventions

A
  • Hold the infant
  • Offer comfort after painful procedures
  • Meet needs for food and hygiene
  • Encourage parents to room in while hospitalized
26
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Early Childhood (2-3 years)

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

27
Q

What important event occurs during early childhood according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?

A

Toilet training

28
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Outcome

A
  • Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence.
  • Success=Autonomy
  • Failure = Shame and doubt
  • Characterized by WILL
29
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Interventions

A
  • Allow self feeding and choice

- Encourage child to remove and put on clothes

30
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Preschool (3-5 years)

A

Initiative vs Guilt

31
Q

What important event occurs in preschoolers (3-5 years) according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?

A

Exploration

32
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Initiative vs. Guilt Outcome

A
  • Children needs to begin asserting control and power over the environment.
  • Success = sense of purpose
  • Exerting too much power leads to disapproval -> guilt
  • Characterized by PURPOSE
33
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Initiative vs Guilt Interventions

A
  • Offer medical equipment to play

- Accept child’s choices/expression of feelings

34
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: School Age (6-11)

A

Industry vs Inferiority

35
Q

What important event occurs in school age children according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?

A

School

36
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Industry vs. Inferiority Outcome

A
  • Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
  • Success = sense of competence
  • Failure = feelings of inferiority
  • Characterized by COMPETENCE
37
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Industry vs. Inferiority Interventions

A
  • Encourage child to continue school work while hospitalized.
  • Encourage child to bring favorite pastimes to hospital.
38
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Adolescence (12-18 years)

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

39
Q

What important events occur in adolescents according to Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?

A

Social Relationships

40
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Identity vs. Role Confusion Outcome

A
  • Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity.
  • Success = ability to stay true to yourself
  • Failure = role confusion and a weak sense of self
  • Characterized by FAITH in self.
41
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages: Identity vs. Role Confusion Interventions

A
  • Take health history and perform examinations w/o parents present
  • Introduce adolescent to other teens with same condition
42
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development include

A
  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Preoperational Stage
  3. Concrete Operational Stage
  4. Formal Operational Stage
43
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage occurs at what ages?

A

Birth to 2 years

44
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage Characteristics

A

The infant knows the world through their movements and sensations

45
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage Developmental Stages

A
  • Infants learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen (object permanence).
  • They are separate beings from the people and objects around them.
  • They realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world around them.
  • Learning occurs through assimilation and accommodation.
46
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage occurs at what ages?

A

2-7 years

47
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage Characteristics

A
  • Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.
  • They also tend to be very egocentric, and see things only from their point of view.
48
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Preoperational Stage Developmental Changes

A
  • Egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others.
  • While they are getting better with language and thinking, they still tend to think about things in very concrete terms.
49
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage occurs at what ages?

A

7-11 years

50
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage Characteristics

A

During this stage, children begin to thinking logically about concrete events.

51
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Concrete Operational Stage Developmental Changes

A
  • They begin to understand the concept of conservation (i.e the the amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass.)
  • Thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete.
  • Begin using inductive logic: specific information -> general principle.
52
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage occurs at what ages?

A

12 and up

53
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage Characteristics

A

At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems.

54
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Formal Operational Stage Developmental Changes

A
  • Abstract thought emerges.
  • Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning.
  • Begin to use deductive logic: general principle -> specific information.

NURS 406 (18 decks)

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