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NURS 406 > Exam 1: Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Exam 1: Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Rubeola (Measles) Causes

A

-RNA Virus

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2
Q

Rubeola (Measles) Prevention

A

MMR Vaccine

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3
Q

Rubeola (Measles) Precautions

A

Airborne Isolation Precautions**

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4
Q

How is Rubeola (Measles) treated?

A

-Symptomatic Treatment

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5
Q

How is rubeola (measles) spread?

A

Air, Direct contact

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6
Q

MMR Vaccine

A
  • LIVE VIRUS

- 2 doses: 1st at 1 y/o and 2nd between 4-6 y/o (before kindergarten)

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7
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Rubeola (Measles)

A
  • Respiratory: 10 days after exposure; cough and runny nose.
  • Koplik spots
  • Rash
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8
Q

Koplik Spots

A

-Small, blue-white spots with red base that cluster near the molars at the buccal mucosa.

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9
Q

Rubeola (Measles): Rash description

A
  • Deep-red macular rash that begins on the face and spreads to the trunk and extremities
  • Lasts 6-7 days
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10
Q

Complications of Rubeola (Measles)

A

Considered rare

  • Secondary infection: Otitis media, bronchopneumonia, croup
  • CNS: ecephalitis
  • Premature birth or miscarriage (if you are pregnant, you should not be in contact with children who have rubella)
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11
Q

Rubella (German Measles) Causes

A

-RNA Virus

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12
Q

Prevention of Rubella (German Measles)

A

MMR Vaccine: LIVE VIRUS

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13
Q

What are manifestations of rubella (German measles)?

A
  • Asymptomatic until appearance of rash
  • Rash: pinkish rose maculopapular that appears on face, scalp and neck first and then spreads
  • Older children may report viral illness complaints.
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14
Q

Rubella (German Measles) Treatment

A

-Supportive Treatment (once you get this, you can’t prevent complications, can only support any s/s that pop up)

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15
Q

What are complications of rubella (German measles)?

A
  • Mild thrombocytopenia
  • Encephalitis
  • Congenital rubella (neurologically devastating to child)
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16
Q

How is rubella (German measles) spread?

A

Droplet transmission

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17
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) is caused by

A

Parvovirus B19

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18
Q

How is erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) transmitted?

A
  • Airborne particles
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Blood/blood products
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19
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

A
  • Mild systemic disease

- Disease is benign and self-limiting.

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

A
  • Intense red rash on cheeks (“slapped cheek rash)

- Lacy appearance rash on trunk and extremities

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21
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) Complications

A

No complications associated with it, only symptomatic

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22
Q

Treatment for erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)

A

Supportive

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23
Q

Prevention of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

A

NO VACCINE available

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24
Q

Chicken Pox is caused by

A

Varicella-zoster virus

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25
Chicken Pox: Incubation period
10-21 days
26
Chicken Pox: Infectious Period
1-2 days before onset of rash and until all lesions are crusted over
27
How is chicken pox transmitted?
- Direct contact - Droplet - Airborne particles *Airborn precautions
28
Chicken Pox Prevention
- Live Virus - Give vaccine to help prevent complications (prevents valve damage in heart) - Given to non-immune compromised children at 1 y/o and booster at 4-6 y/o.
29
What are clinical manifestations of chicken pox?
- Fever - Malaise - Anorexia - Lesions: first appear on trunk and scalp; teardrop vesicles with erythematous base; may also appear in mucus membranes, genital area and rectum
30
Chicken Pox: Second attacks
-Rare in immunized child
31
What are complications of chicken pox?
- Heart valve issues - Bacterial infections of skin lesions - Corneal issues → lesions involve the eye - Rare: CNS complications; Pneumonia (rare in children, more seen in adults or immnocompromised)
32
Management of Chicken Pox
- Symptomatic and supportive treatment - Oatmeal baths - Antihistamines → Benadryl - Acetaminophen - Acyclovir → in immunocompromised patients
33
Chicken Pox: Isolation
Private room with airborne and contact precautions
34
Pertussis
AKA whooping cough
35
Pertussis: Causative agent
Bordetella pertussis
36
Pertussis: Incubation Period
6-20 days
37
Pertussis: Infectious Period
1-2 weeks
38
Pertussis: Transmission
-Direct contact or respiratory droplets
39
Pertussis Prevention
- DTaP Vaccine: KILLED VACCINE - Given at 2/4/6 months - No SE of this vaccine, only developing of antibodies
40
Pertussis Diagnosis
Positive nasopharyngeal culture
41
Complications of Pertussis
- Pneumonia - Hypoxia - CNS involvement - Malnutrition - Dehydration - Otitis media - Rectal prolapse → d/t coughing so much
42
Management of Pertussis
- Erythromycin: horrible GI upset and vomiting; taken 4x/day (try to avoid azithromycin or clarithromycin) - Hospitalization is usually required, especially in children. - Respiratory status -> oxygen - Usually NG tubes or TPN
43
Pertussis Isolation
Droplet precautions
44
Scarlet Fever: Causative Agent
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
45
Scarlet Fever: Incubation Period
1-7 days
46
Scarlet Fever: Infectious Fever
Until on antibiotics for 24 hours
47
How is scarlet fever transmitted?
Airborne and direct contact
48
Scarlet Fever Prevention
NO VACCINE
49
What are clinical manifestations of scarlet fever?
- Fever - Vomiting - Headache - Abdominal pain - Pharyngitis - Chills - Red papular rash in axilla, groin, neck → feels like sandpaper** - Tongue coated with white, furry coating with red projectile papillae (white strawberry tongue) - Edematous tonsils - Petechial hemorrhages over soft palate
50
Complications of Scarlet Fever
Once you find out, treat right away - Sinusitis - Otitis Media - Mastoiditis - Peritonsillar abscess - Bronchopneuomnia - Meningitis - Osteomyelitis - Rheumatic Fever - Glomerulonephritis
51
Management of Scarlet Fever
- Supportive care for symptoms | - Bedrest and quiet activities
52
Scarlet Fever: Pharmacological Treatment
- Penicillin | - Erythromycin if allergy to PCN
53
When can a child with scarlet fever return to school?
After 24 hours of ABT therapy
54
Fifth Disease Isolation Precaution
Droplet precautions
55
Scarlet Fever: Isolation
Droplet precautions
56
Lyme Disease: Causative Agent
Borrelia Burgdorferi (Spirochete)
57
Lyme Disease: Incubation period
3-32 days
58
Lyme Disease Transmission
- Bite of infected tick | - Person-to-person Transmission is not possible
59
Lyme disease: Incidence
- Season: April to October | - United States - most often: northern or eastern (deer tick) and pacific coast (western black-legged tick)
60
Lyme Disease Stages
1. Early localized 2. Early disseminated 3. Late disseminated
61
Lyme Disease: Early Localized
- Vague, flulike symptoms - 3-30 days - “Bulls eye” rash that last for 3-4 weeks.
62
Lyme disease: Early disseminated
- Cardiac and Neurological findings are prominent - 1-4 months: headaches, N/V, facial nerve paralysis, forgetfulness, decreased concentration, joint/muscle pain and lymphadenopathy
63
Lyme Disease: Late Disseminated
- Occurs months to years after initial bite | - Occurs intermittently: chronic arthritis, profound fatigue, chronic neurologic manifestations.
64
Lyme Disease Management
ABT: - Oral treatment: doxycycline, amoxicillin or cefuroxime; 14-21 day treatment. - IV treatment: ceftriaxone; if neurologic or cardiac symptoms
65
Lyme Disease: Early identification and treatment
Does not progress to more debilitating stages
66
Lyme Disease: Nursing Consideration
- Complete History | - Vigilant Inspection
67
Lyme Disease: Complete History
- Recent hiking - Working conditions - Vacationing
68
Lyme Disease: Vigilant Inspection
Ticks must be attached for >24 hours to transmit the disease

NURS 406 (18 decks)

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