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NURS 406 > Exam 1: Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Exam 1: Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Rubeola (Measles) Causes

A

-RNA Virus

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2
Q

Rubeola (Measles) Prevention

A

MMR Vaccine

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3
Q

Rubeola (Measles) Precautions

A

Airborne Isolation Precautions**

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4
Q

How is Rubeola (Measles) treated?

A

-Symptomatic Treatment

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5
Q

How is rubeola (measles) spread?

A

Air, Direct contact

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6
Q

MMR Vaccine

A
  • LIVE VIRUS

- 2 doses: 1st at 1 y/o and 2nd between 4-6 y/o (before kindergarten)

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7
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Rubeola (Measles)

A
  • Respiratory: 10 days after exposure; cough and runny nose.
  • Koplik spots
  • Rash
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8
Q

Koplik Spots

A

-Small, blue-white spots with red base that cluster near the molars at the buccal mucosa.

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9
Q

Rubeola (Measles): Rash description

A
  • Deep-red macular rash that begins on the face and spreads to the trunk and extremities
  • Lasts 6-7 days
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10
Q

Complications of Rubeola (Measles)

A

Considered rare

  • Secondary infection: Otitis media, bronchopneumonia, croup
  • CNS: ecephalitis
  • Premature birth or miscarriage (if you are pregnant, you should not be in contact with children who have rubella)
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11
Q

Rubella (German Measles) Causes

A

-RNA Virus

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12
Q

Prevention of Rubella (German Measles)

A

MMR Vaccine: LIVE VIRUS

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13
Q

What are manifestations of rubella (German measles)?

A
  • Asymptomatic until appearance of rash
  • Rash: pinkish rose maculopapular that appears on face, scalp and neck first and then spreads
  • Older children may report viral illness complaints.
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14
Q

Rubella (German Measles) Treatment

A

-Supportive Treatment (once you get this, you can’t prevent complications, can only support any s/s that pop up)

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15
Q

What are complications of rubella (German measles)?

A
  • Mild thrombocytopenia
  • Encephalitis
  • Congenital rubella (neurologically devastating to child)
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16
Q

How is rubella (German measles) spread?

A

Droplet transmission

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17
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) is caused by

A

Parvovirus B19

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18
Q

How is erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) transmitted?

A
  • Airborne particles
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Blood/blood products
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19
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

A
  • Mild systemic disease

- Disease is benign and self-limiting.

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

A
  • Intense red rash on cheeks (“slapped cheek rash)

- Lacy appearance rash on trunk and extremities

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21
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) Complications

A

No complications associated with it, only symptomatic

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22
Q

Treatment for erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)

A

Supportive

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23
Q

Prevention of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

A

NO VACCINE available

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24
Q

Chicken Pox is caused by

A

Varicella-zoster virus

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25
Q

Chicken Pox: Incubation period

A

10-21 days

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26
Q

Chicken Pox: Infectious Period

A

1-2 days before onset of rash and until all lesions are crusted over

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27
Q

How is chicken pox transmitted?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Droplet
  • Airborne particles

*Airborn precautions

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28
Q

Chicken Pox Prevention

A
  • Live Virus
  • Give vaccine to help prevent complications (prevents valve damage in heart)
  • Given to non-immune compromised children at 1 y/o and booster at 4-6 y/o.
29
Q

What are clinical manifestations of chicken pox?

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Anorexia
  • Lesions: first appear on trunk and scalp; teardrop vesicles with erythematous base; may also appear in mucus membranes, genital area and rectum
30
Q

Chicken Pox: Second attacks

A

-Rare in immunized child

31
Q

What are complications of chicken pox?

A
  • Heart valve issues
  • Bacterial infections of skin lesions
  • Corneal issues → lesions involve the eye
  • Rare: CNS complications; Pneumonia (rare in children, more seen in adults or immnocompromised)
32
Q

Management of Chicken Pox

A
  • Symptomatic and supportive treatment
  • Oatmeal baths
  • Antihistamines → Benadryl
  • Acetaminophen
  • Acyclovir → in immunocompromised patients
33
Q

Chicken Pox: Isolation

A

Private room with airborne and contact precautions

34
Q

Pertussis

A

AKA whooping cough

35
Q

Pertussis: Causative agent

A

Bordetella pertussis

36
Q

Pertussis: Incubation Period

A

6-20 days

37
Q

Pertussis: Infectious Period

A

1-2 weeks

38
Q

Pertussis: Transmission

A

-Direct contact or respiratory droplets

39
Q

Pertussis Prevention

A
  • DTaP Vaccine: KILLED VACCINE
  • Given at 2/4/6 months
  • No SE of this vaccine, only developing of antibodies
40
Q

Pertussis Diagnosis

A

Positive nasopharyngeal culture

41
Q

Complications of Pertussis

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Hypoxia
  • CNS involvement
  • Malnutrition
  • Dehydration
  • Otitis media
  • Rectal prolapse → d/t coughing so much
42
Q

Management of Pertussis

A
  • Erythromycin: horrible GI upset and vomiting; taken 4x/day (try to avoid azithromycin or clarithromycin)
  • Hospitalization is usually required, especially in children.
  • Respiratory status -> oxygen
  • Usually NG tubes or TPN
43
Q

Pertussis Isolation

A

Droplet precautions

44
Q

Scarlet Fever: Causative Agent

A

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

45
Q

Scarlet Fever: Incubation Period

A

1-7 days

46
Q

Scarlet Fever: Infectious Fever

A

Until on antibiotics for 24 hours

47
Q

How is scarlet fever transmitted?

A

Airborne and direct contact

48
Q

Scarlet Fever Prevention

A

NO VACCINE

49
Q

What are clinical manifestations of scarlet fever?

A
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Abdominal pain
  • Pharyngitis
  • Chills
  • Red papular rash in axilla, groin, neck → feels like sandpaper**
  • Tongue coated with white, furry coating with red projectile papillae (white strawberry tongue)
  • Edematous tonsils
  • Petechial hemorrhages over soft palate
50
Q

Complications of Scarlet Fever

A

Once you find out, treat right away

  • Sinusitis
  • Otitis Media
  • Mastoiditis
  • Peritonsillar abscess
  • Bronchopneuomnia
  • Meningitis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • Glomerulonephritis
51
Q

Management of Scarlet Fever

A
  • Supportive care for symptoms

- Bedrest and quiet activities

52
Q

Scarlet Fever: Pharmacological Treatment

A
  • Penicillin

- Erythromycin if allergy to PCN

53
Q

When can a child with scarlet fever return to school?

A

After 24 hours of ABT therapy

54
Q

Fifth Disease Isolation Precaution

A

Droplet precautions

55
Q

Scarlet Fever: Isolation

A

Droplet precautions

56
Q

Lyme Disease: Causative Agent

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi (Spirochete)

57
Q

Lyme Disease: Incubation period

A

3-32 days

58
Q

Lyme Disease Transmission

A
  • Bite of infected tick

- Person-to-person Transmission is not possible

59
Q

Lyme disease: Incidence

A
  • Season: April to October

- United States - most often: northern or eastern (deer tick) and pacific coast (western black-legged tick)

60
Q

Lyme Disease Stages

A
  1. Early localized
  2. Early disseminated
  3. Late disseminated
61
Q

Lyme Disease: Early Localized

A
  • Vague, flulike symptoms
  • 3-30 days
  • “Bulls eye” rash that last for 3-4 weeks.
62
Q

Lyme disease: Early disseminated

A
  • Cardiac and Neurological findings are prominent
  • 1-4 months: headaches, N/V, facial nerve paralysis, forgetfulness, decreased concentration, joint/muscle pain and lymphadenopathy
63
Q

Lyme Disease: Late Disseminated

A
  • Occurs months to years after initial bite

- Occurs intermittently: chronic arthritis, profound fatigue, chronic neurologic manifestations.

64
Q

Lyme Disease Management

A

ABT:

  • Oral treatment: doxycycline, amoxicillin or cefuroxime; 14-21 day treatment.
  • IV treatment: ceftriaxone; if neurologic or cardiac symptoms
65
Q

Lyme Disease: Early identification and treatment

A

Does not progress to more debilitating stages

66
Q

Lyme Disease: Nursing Consideration

A
  • Complete History

- Vigilant Inspection

67
Q

Lyme Disease: Complete History

A
  • Recent hiking
  • Working conditions
  • Vacationing
68
Q

Lyme Disease: Vigilant Inspection

A

Ticks must be attached for >24 hours to transmit the disease

NURS 406 (18 decks)

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