QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT, DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN, AND THE INA

Question 1

After Cripps’ departure, Gandhi framed a resolution calling for British withdrawal and a non violent ________ movement against any Japanese invasion. The CWC meeting at Wardha (July 14, 1942) accepted the idea of a struggle.

Answer 1

Non Cooperation.

Question 2

Why struggle for Quit India was started?

Answer 2

1. The failure of the Cripps Mission to solve the constitutional deadlock exposed Britain’s unchanged attitude on constitutional advance and made it clear that any more silence would be tantamount to accepting the British right to decide the fate of Indians without consulting them.
2. There was popular discontent because of rising prices and shortage of rice, salt, etc., and because of factors such as commandeering of boats in Bengal and Orissa. There were fears of Britain following a scorched earth policy in Assam, Bengal and Orissa against possible Japanese advance.
3. News of reverses suffered by the British in South-East Asia and an imminent British collapse enhanced popular willingness to give expression to discontent. The Japanese troops were approaching the borders of India. Popular faith in the stability of British rule was so low that people were withdrawing deposits from banks and post offices.
4. The manner in which the British evacuated from South-East Asia leaving the subjects to their fate (two roads were provided - Black Road for Indian refugees and White Road exclusively for European refugees), and the rout of a European power by an Asian power shattered white prestige and the British behaviour towards the Indian subjects in South-East Asia exposed the racist attitude of the rulers.
5. The leadership wanted to condition the masses for a possible Japanese invasion.

Question 3

Quit India resolution was proposed by and seconded by?

Answer 3

Proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru and seconded by Sardar Patel.

Question 4

The Quit India resolution was ratified at the Congress meeting at ________ .

Answer 4

Gowalia Tank, Bombay, on August 8, 1942.

Question 5

Provisions of Quit India resolution?

Answer 5

1. Demand an immediate end to British rule in India.
2. Declare commitment of free India to defend itself against all types of Fascism and imperialism.
3. Form a provisional Government of India after British withdrawal.
4. Sanction a civil disobedience movement against British rule.
   Gandhi was named the leader of the struggle.

Question 6

Gandhi’s General Instructions to Different Sections during Quit India Movement?

Answer 6

Gandhi’s special instructions were spelt out at the Gowalia Tank meeting but not actually issued.
- Government servants: Do not resign but declare your allegiance to the Congress.
- Soldiers: Do not leave the army but do not fire on compatriots.
- Students: If confident, leave studies.
- Peasants: If zamidars are anti government, pay mutually agreed rent, and if zamidars are pro government, do not pay rent.
- Princes: Support the masses and accept sovereignty of your people.
- Princely states’ people: Support the ruler only if he is anti government and declare yourselves to be a part of the Indian nation.
- Gandhi’s mantra: Do or Die.

Question 7

During August 9, 1942, all the top leaders of the Congress were arrested and taken to unknown locations.
Who presided over the Congress Committee session on August 9, and hoisted the flag?

Answer 7

Aruna Asaf Ali.

Question 8

Which committees were declared unlawful during the Quit India Movement?

Answer 8

The Congress Working Committee, the All India Congress Committee and the Provincial Congress Committees were declared unlawful associations under the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1908. The assembly of public meetings was prohibited under rule 56 of the Defense of India Rules.

Question 9

During Quit India Movement students started writing and distributing illegal news sheets which were called?

Answer 9

Patrikas.

Question 10

Organisations that participated in the underground activities during the Quit India Movement?

Answer 10

1. Socialists
2. Forward Bloc members
3. Gandhi ashramites
4. Revolutionary nationalists
5. Local organizations in Bombay.

Question 11

Personalities who took underground activities during Quit India Movement?

Answer 11

1. Rammanohar Lohia
2. Jayaprakash Narayan
3. Aruna Asaf Ali
4. Usha Mehta
5. Biju Patnaik
6. Chhotubhai Puranik
7. Achyut Patwardhan
8. Sucheta Kriplani
9. R.P. Goenka.

Question 12

Who started an underground radio in Bombay during the Quit India Movement?

Answer 12

Usha Mehta.

Question 13

Parallel Goverments during Quit India Movement?

Answer 13

1. Ballia (in August 1942 for a week)– under Chittu Pandey. He got many Congress leaders released.
2. Tamluk (Midnapore, from December 1942 to September 1944)– Jatiya Sarkar undertook cyclone relief work, sanctioned grants to schools, supplied paddy from the rich to the poor, organized Vidyut Vahinis, etc.
3. Satara (mid-1943 to 1945)– named “Prati Sarkar”, was organised by leaders like Y.B. Chavan, Nana Patil, etc. Village libraries and Nyayadan Mandals were organised, prohibition campaigns were carried on and ‘Gandhi marriages’ were organised.

Question 14

Extent of Mass Participation during Quit India Movement?

Answer 14

• Youth- remained in forefront.
• Women- actively participated.
• Workers- strikes
• Peasants- were heart of the movement, even zamidars participated.
• Government officials- especially those belonging to lower levels in police and administration, participated resulting in erosion of goverment loyalty.
• Muslims- helped by giving shelter to underground activists. There were no communal clashes.
• The Communists- did not join the movement; in the wake of Russia being attacked by Nazi Germany, the communists began to support the British war against Germany and the Imperialist War became the people’s war.
• The Muslim League opposed the movement, fearing that if the British left India at that time, the minorities would be oppressed by the Hindus.
• The Hindu Mahasabha boycotted the movement.
• The Princely states showed a low key response.

Question 15

Who did not supported the Quit India Movement?

Answer 15

• The Communists- did not join the movement; in the wake of Russia (where the communists were in power) being attacked by Nazi Germany, the communists began to support the British war against Germany and the Imperialist War became the people’s war.
• The Muslim League opposed the movement, fearing that if the British left India at that time, the minorities would be oppressed by the Hindus.
• The Hindu Mahasabha boycotted the movement.
• The Princely states showed a low key response.

Question 16

Was Martial Law applied during the Quit India Movement?

Answer 16

Although martial law was not applied, the repression was severe.

Question 17

Pakistan Day was observed on?

Answer 17

March 23, 1943.

Question 18

Conditions that led to the Bengal Famine in 1943?

Answer 18

1. The need to feed a vast Army diverted foodstuffs.
2. Rice imports from Burma and South East Asia has been stopped.
3. The famine got aggravated by gross mismanagement and deliberate profiteering; rationing methods were belated and were confined to big cities.

Question 19

CR Formula was was given by whom and when?

Answer 19

Given in 1944 by C. Rajagopalachari. It was a tacit acceptance of the League’s demand for Pakistan.
Gandhi supported the formula.

Question 20

Main points of CR Formula?

Answer 20

1. Muslim League to endorse Congress demand for independence.
2. League to cooperate with Congress in forming a provisional government at centre.
3. After the end of the war, the entire population of Muslim majority in the North- West and North-East of India to decide by plebiscite, whether or not to form a separate sovereign state.
4. In case of acceptance of partition, agreement to be made jointly for safeguarding defence, commerce, communications, etc.
5. The above terms to be operative only if England transferred full” powers to India.

Question 21

Objections to Rajagopalachari formula?

Answer 21

• Jinnah wanted the Congress to accept the two nation theory. He wanted only the Muslims of North-West and North-East to vote in the plebiscite and not the entire population. He also opposed the idea of a common centre.
• While the Congress was ready to cooperate with the League for the independence of the Indian Union, the League did not care for independence of the Union. It was only interested in a separate nation.
• Hindu leaders led by Vir Savarkar condemned the CR plan.

Question 22

What was the Desai Liaqat Pact?

Answer 22

Between Bhulabhai Desai from Congress and Liaqat Ali Khan from Muslim League.
1. An equal number of persons nominated by the Congress and the League in the central legislature.
2. 20% reserved seats for minorities.
No settlement could be reached between the Congress and the League on these lines.

Question 23

What was the Wavell Plan?

Answer 23

A conference was convened by the viceroy, Lord Wavell, at Shimla in 1945. Main proposals were:-
1. With the exception of the governor-general and the commander-in-chief, all members of the executive council, were to be Indians.
2. Caste Hindus and Muslims were to have have equal representation.
3. The reconstructed council was to function as an interim government within the framework of the 1935 Act (i.e. not responsible to the Central Assembly).
4. The governor-general was to exercise his veto on the advice of ministers.
5. Representatives of different parties were to submit a joint list to the viceroy for nominations to the executive council. If a joint list was not possible, then separate lists were to be submitted.
6. Possibilities were to be kept open for negotiations on a new constitution once the war was finally won.

Question 24

Muslim League stand on Wavell Plan?

Answer 24

1. The League wanted all Muslim members to be League nominees.
2. The League claimed some kind of veto in the council with decisions opposed to Muslims needing a two-thirds majority for approval.

Question 25

Congress stand on Wavell Plan?

Answer 25

The Congress objected to the plan as “an attempt to reduce the Congress to the status of a purely caste Hindu party and insisted on its right to include members of all communities among its nominees”.

Question 26

Wavell’s mistake?

Answer 26

Wavell announced a breakdown of talks thus giving the League a virtual veto. This strengthened the League’s position, and boosted Jinnah’s position.

Question 27

Who was the political guru of Subhash Bose?

Answer 27

Chittaranjan Das.

Question 28

Why did bose resigned from civil services?

Answer 28

He passed the Indian Civil Services examination securing fourth position but resigned from the service in 1921 to join the struggle for freedom by becoming a member of the Congress.

Question 29

Subhash Chandra Bose became the mayor of Calcutta in?

Answer 29

1923.

Question 30

Anti Compromise Conference was convened by?

Answer 30

In March 1940, Bose convened an Anti Compromise Conference at Ramgarh; it was a joint effort of Forward Bloc and the Kisan Sabha. It was revolved at the conference that a world wide struggle should be launched on April 6, the first day of the National Week, with a call to the people not to help the Imperialist War with any resource.

Question 31

How was the Freedom Army (Mukti Sena) formed?

Answer 31

• Bose met Hitler under the pseudo name, Orlando Mazzoita. With the help of Hitler, the Freedom Army (Mukti Sena) was formed which consisted of all the prisoners of war of Indian origin captured by Germany and Italy.
• Dresden, Germany was made the office of the Freedom Army.
• Bose came to be called Netaji by the people of Germany. He gave the famous slogan, Jai Hind’ from the Free India Centre, Germany.
• He began regular broadcasts from Berlin radio in January 1942, which enthused Indians.

Question 32

The idea of creating an army out of the Indian prisoners of war (POWs) was originally that of?

Answer 32

• Mohan Singh.
• The Japanese handed over the Indian prisoners of war to Mohan Singh who tried to recruit them into an Indian National Army.
• By the end of 1942, 40,000 men were ready to join the INA.
• The INA got a boost with the outbreak of the Quit India Movement in India. In September 1942, the first division of the INA was formed with 16,300 men.
• Soon, serious differences emerged between the Indian Army officers led by Mohan Singh and the Japanese over the role to be played by the INA.
• Actually, the Japanese wanted a token force of 2,000 only while Mohan Singh wanted to raise a much larger army. Mohan Singh was taken into custody by the Japanese.

Question 33

The second phase of INA formation began with the arrival of Subhash Bose in Singapore. But before that in June 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose under pseudo name _______ reached Tokyo; met the Japanese Prime Minister, Tojo.

Answer 33

Abid Hussain.

Question 34

Who founded the Indian Club of Tokyo?

Answer 34

Rashbehari Bose who fled to Japan in 1915 following the revolutionary activities. He made a lot of effort in getting the Japanese interested in the Indian independence movement. He became active in Pan-Asian circles, founded the Indian Club of Tokyo, and gave lectures on the evils of Western imperialism.

Question 35

When the Indian National Army was formed by _______ in Singapore, Rashbehari Bose was greatly excited and left Tokyo for Southeast Asia.

Answer 35

Mohan Singh.

Question 36

It was at a conference in Bangkok (also under Japanese occupation at the time) that it was decided to place the INA under an Indian Independence League whose chairman would be _______ himself. He created the League in 1942 in Tokyo.

Answer 36

Rashbehari Bose.

Question 37

When did Subhash Bose got the control and leadership of INA and Indian Independence League?

Answer 37

Subhash Bose went to Singapore and met Rashbehari Bose, and the latter happily transferred the control and leadership of the Indian Independence League and the INA to Subhash in July 1943.

Question 38

Subhash became the Supreme commander of INA on?

Answer 38

August 25, 1943.

Question 39

Provisional Government for Free India at Singapore was formed by?

Answer 39

Subhash Chandra Bose on October 21, 1943.

Question 40

On October 21, 1943, Provisional Government for Free India at Singapore was formed by Subhash Bose with certain departments.
Who were placed in these following departments?
1. Finance portfolio
2. Broadcasting
3. Women Department

Answer 40

1. Finance portfolio– H.C Chatterjee
2. Broadcasting– M.A. Aiyar
3. Women Department– Lakshmi Swaminathan.

Question 41

The famous slogan— Give me blood, I will give you freedom was given in?

Answer 41

Malaya by Subhash Bose.

Question 42

When was the ‘Chalo Delhi’ war cry given?

Answer 42

The INA headquarters was shifted to Rangoon (in Burma) in January 1944, and the army recruits were to march from there with the war cry “Chalo Delhi” on their lips.

Question 43

When was the Andaman and Nicobar islands given by Japanese army to the INA?

Answer 43

On November 6, 1943, Andaman and Nicobar islands was given by the Japanese army to the INA; the islands were renamed as Shahid Dweep and Swaraj Dweep respectively.

Question 44

In which year did Subhash Bose addressed Mahatama Gandhi as ‘Father of the Nation’?

Answer 44

On July 6, 1944, Subhash Bose, from the Azad Hind Radio (the first person to call Gandhi, “Father of Nation”.

Question 45

Which INA battalion was allowed to accompany the Japanese army to the Indo Burma front and participate in the Imphal campaign?

Answer 45

• One INA battalion commanded by Shah Nawaz was allowed to accompany the Japanese Army to the Indo-Burma front and participate in the Imphal campaign.
• However Indians recieved discriminatory treatment from the Japanese, which included being denied rations and arms and being made to do menial work for the Japanese units, and this disgusted and demoralized the INA units.

Question 46

Who hosted the INA flag for the first time in the Indian mainland at Moirang?

Answer 46

The Azad Hind Fauz crossed the Burma border, and stood in Indian soil on March 18, 1944.
On April 14, Colonel Malik of the Bahadur Group hoisted the INA flag for the first time on the Indian mainland at Moirang, in Manipur (where the INA Memorial Complex stands today) to enthusiastic cries of “Jai Hind” and “Netaji Zindabad”.

Question 47

1. On August 15, 1945 the surrender of Japan in the Second World War took place and with this the INA also surrendered.
2. On August 18, 1945, reportedly, Subhash Bose died mysteriously in an air-crash at Taipei (Taiwan).
   True/false?

Answer 47

1. True
2. True.