PEOPLE'S RESISTANCE AGAINST BRITISH BEFORE 1857

Question 1

The agitation in Benares in 1810 against a _____ tax imposed by the colonial government, the Surat riots in 1814 against the _____ duty, the rising in Bareilly in 1816 against a _____ tax and ______ tax are some examples of urban movements in which people from lower strata fought together.

Answer 1

House tax, Salt duty, Police tax and Municipal tax.

Question 2

Term palayam meaning?

Answer 2

In South India, territory (palayam) consisting of few villages were granted to poligars by rulers— mainly the Nayaks— in return for military service and tribute.

Question 3

What was the Sanyasi revolt?

Answer 3

1. 1763-1800— the disastrous famine of 1770 and the harsh economic order of the British compelled a group of sanyasis in Eastern India to fight the British.
2. Warren Hastings subdued the Sanyasis.
3. Equal participation of Hindu and Muslims characterized the uprising.

Question 4

Which revolt is sometimes referred to as the Fakir rebellion?

Answer 4

Sanyasi revolt.

Question 5

Important leaders of Sanyasi revolt?

Answer 5

1. Majnum Shah (or Majnu Shah)
2. Chirang Ali
3. Musa Shah
4. Bhawani Pathak
5. Debi Chaudhurani.

Question 6

Literature associated to Sanyasi revolt?

Answer 6

1. Anandamath
2. Devi Chaudhurani (importance of women too taking up the struggle against an alien rule).
   Both novels written by Bankim Chandra Chatterji.

Question 7

Revolt in Midnapore and Dhalbhum (1766-74)?

Answer 7

1. English took hold of Midnapore in 1760.
2. English introduced new land revenue system in 1772.
3. Zamidars of Dhalbhum, Midnapore etc were ultimately dispossessed of their zamidaries by 1880s.

Question 8

Important leaders of revolt of Midnapore and Dhalbhum (1766-74)?

Answer 8

1. Damodar Singh
2. Jagannath Dhal.

Question 9

Revolt of the Moamarias?

Answer 9

1. 1769-99— The Moamarias were low caste peasants who (followed the teachings of Aniruddhadeva) revolted and weakened the Ahoms.
2. In 1792, the King of Darrang (Krishnanarayan), assisted by his band of burkandazes (the demobilised soldiers of the Muslim armies and zamidars) revolted.
3. Ahoms requested British for help and survived the rebellion but the weakened kingdom fell to a Burmese invasion and finally came under the British rule.

Question 10

Who were Burkandazes?

Answer 10

Burkandazes (the demobilised soldiers of the Muslim armies and zamidars).

Question 11

Civil uprisings in Gorakhpur, Basti and Bahraich?

Answer 11

1. In 1781
2. Warren Hastings, in order to meet the war expenses against the Marathas and Mysore, made a plan to earn money by involving English officers as izaradars (revenue farmers) in Awadh.
3. He involved Major Alexander Hannay in 1778.
4. Hannay’s oppression and excessive demand of revenue led to revolt by zamidars and cultivators in 1781.
5. Rebellion was suppressed, Hannay was dismissed and his izara forcibly removed.

Question 12

Revolt of Raja of Vizianagaram?

Answer 12

1. In 1758, a treaty was made between the English and Ananda Gajapatiraju, the ruler of Vizianagaram, to jointly oust the French from the Northern Circars in which they were successful but the English, as was usual in their case in India, went back on their word to honour the terms of the treaty.
2. Anand Raju died before he could seriously tackle the English.
3. The East India Company went on to demand a tribute of three ‘lakh rupees from Vizayaramaraju, the Raja of Vizianagaram and asked him to disband his troops. This angered the raja as there were no dues to be paid to the Company. The raja supported by his subjects rose up in revolt, The English captured the raja in 1793 and ordered him to go into exile with a pension.
4. The raja refused. (The raja died in a battle at Padmanabham (in modern Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh) in 1794. Vizianagaram came under the Company’s rule.
5. Later, the Company offered the estate to the deceased raja’s son and reduced the demand for presents.

Question 13

Revolt of Dhundia in Bednur?

Answer 13

1. 1799-1800— Dhundia Wagh, a local Maratha leader, who was converted to Islam by Tipu Sultan and put into jail due to his misadventures, got released with the fall of Seringapatam.
2. He organized a force against British and carved out a small territory for himself.
3. In 1800, he was killed while fighting against the British forces under Wellesley.

Question 14

Resistance of Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja?

Answer 14

1797; 1800-05
1. Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja, popularly known as Kerala Simham (Lion of Kerala) or ‘Pyche Raja’, was the de facto head of Kottayam (Cotiote) in Malabar region.
2. Third Anglo-Mysore war (1790-92) extended English paramountcy over Kottayam and English appointed Vira Varma, the uncle of Pazhassi Raja, as the Raja of Kottayam.
3. Vira Varma, to meet the revenue target fixed by the Company, levied exorbitant rates of taxes on the peasants.
4. Mass resistance by the peasants under the leadership of Pazhassi Raja occurred in 1793 and in 1797 a peace treaty was made.
5. A conflict over a dispute on Wayanad in 1800 started an insurgent warfare. In 1805, the Kerala Simham died in a gun fight at Mavila Todu near present day Kerala- Karnataka border.

Question 15

Civil rebellion in Awadh?

Answer 15

1799
1. Wazir Ali khan, the fourth Nawab of Awadh, with the help of British ascended the throne in September 1797.
2. His relations with British became sour and he was replaced by his uncle Saadat Ali Khan 2.
3. In January 1799, he killed a British resident, George Frederick Cherry, who had invited him to lunch.
4. Wazir Ali’s guards killed two other Europeans and even attacked the Magistrate of Benares. The whole incident became famous as the Massacre of Benares.
5. Wazir was defeated and fled away.
6. In December 1799 he surrendered and was placed in confinement at Fort William, Calcutta.

Question 16

Uprisings in the Ganjam and Gumsur?

Answer 16

1800, 1835-37.
1. Strikara Bhanj, a zamidar of Gumsur in Ganjam district, refused to pay revenues in 1797.
2. In 1800 he openly rebelled and defied public authorities.
3. Dhananjaya Bhanj (Son of Strikara) rebelled against the English but was forced to surrender in June 1815.
4. Dhananjay Bhanj rose in rebellion for the second time when the British forces occupied Gumsur and Kolaida in November 1835. The revolt greatly reduced the government’s authority.

Question 17

Uprisings in the Palamau?

Answer 17

(1800-02)
1. Agrarian landlordism and feudal system.
2. In 1800, Bhukhan Singh, a Chero chief, rose in rebellion.
3. Colonel Jones camped for two years in Palamau and Sarguja to suppress the rebellion.
4. Bhukhan Singh died in 1802 and the insurrection calmed down.

Question 18

Poligars revolt?

Answer 18

1795-1805
1. The poligars (or palayakkarargal) of South India gave a stiff resistance to the British between 1795 and 1805.
2. The first revolt of the poligars against the Company was basically over taxation, but had a larger political dimension in that the English considered and treated the poligars as enemies. Kattabomman Nayakan, the poligar of Panjalankurichi, led the insurrection between 1795 and 1798.
3. Second phase started in February 1801 when poligars escaped from Palamcotta fort.
The fugitives led by Oomathurai, brother of Kattabomman, who fled to Sivaganga in Ramnad joined the rebellion of the ‘Marudas’ led by Marathu Pandian which was suppressed in October 1801.

Question 19

What was kaval fees?

Answer 19

Between 1803 and 1805, the poligars of North Arcot rose in rebellion, when they were deprived of their right to collect the kaval fees.
kaval or ‘watch’ was ancient institution of Tamil Nadu.
It was a hereditary village police office with specified rights and responsibilities.

Question 20

Uprising in Bhiwani?

Answer 20

1809, the Jats of Haryana broke into rebellion.

Question 21

Diwan Velu Thampi’s Revolt?

Answer 21

1808-1809
1. Subsidiary alliance under Wellesley imposed on Travancore in 1805. Ruler unable to pay subsidy and fell in arrears.
2. British resident of Travancore meddling in internal affairs of the state.
3. High handed attitude of the Company compelled Prime Minister (or Dalawa) Velu Thampi to rise against the British, assisted by the Nair troops.
4. Velu Thampi addressed a gathering in Kundara, openly calling for taking up arms against the British to oust them from the native soil. This was later known as the Kundara Proclamation.
5. Velu Thampi killed himself to avoid capture and rebellion petered out.

Question 22

Disturbances in Bundelkhand?

Answer 22

1808-12
1. The vast province of Bundelkhand, conquered by the British during the Second Anglo-Maratha Wars (1803-05), was put within the Presidency of Bengal.
2. The first major resistance came from Lakshaman Dawa, the killadar (fort commander) of Ajaygarh fort. Lakshman was permitted to retain the fort as a temporary arrangement for two years ending in 1808, but he wanted to continue his hold after the expiry of the term. He surrendered in February 1809 and was taken to Calcutta.
3. The next resistance came from killadar of Kalanjar, Darya Singh, which was suppressed in January 1812.
4. But the most serious threat came from a famous military adventurer named Gopal Singh, who had a dispute with his uncle who was supported by the British. For four years Gopal Singh eluded all vigilance and military tactics of British forces. To put a stop to these disturbances, the British had to adopt a policy of binding down the hereditary chieftains of Bundelkhand by a series of contractual obligations—Ikarnamahs.

Question 23

Parlakimedi outbreak?

Answer 23

1813-34 in Odisha.
1. When the Company acquired Ganjam, Narayan Deo was the raja of Parlakimedi, whose resistance forced the British to dispatch an army under colonel Peach.

Question 24

Kutch or Cutch Rebellion?

Answer 24

1816-1832
1. There was a treaty between the British and Maharaja Bharamal 2 of Kutch in 1816, by which the power was vested in the throne.
2. The British interfered in the internal feuds of the Kutch and, in 1819, Raja Bharmal 2 raised Arab and African troops with the firm intention of removing the British from his territory.

Question 25

Rising at Bareilly?

Answer 25

In 1816
1. Immediate cause of upsurge was the imposition of Police tax.
2. The issue became religious, when Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz, gave a petition to the magistrate of the town in 1816.
3. Police while collecting tax, injured a woman and the situation aggravated leading to rebellion for the defense of faith and the Mufti.
4. The upsurge seems to have been the product more of discontent than of actual grievance— the elements of discontent lying in the very nature of the alien administration.

Question 26

Upsurge in Hathras?

Answer 26

In 1817
1. Dayaram and Bhagwant Singh important insurgents.
2. Aligarh and Agra in Uttar Pradesh.
3. Progressively increasing high revenues and Dayaram constantly failed to pay arrears.

Question 27

Paika rebellion?

Answer 27

In 1817
1. Orissa; Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar, Mukunda Deva and Dinabandhu Santra important leaders.
2. Paiks (traditional landed militia or foot soldiers) of Odisha enjoyed rent free land tenures for their military services and policing functions on a hereditary basis.
3. English occupied Odisa in 1803, common masses were affected by the rise in prices of salt due to taxes imposed on it, abolition of cowrie currency and the requirement of payment of taxes in silver, etc.
4. Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar led a sundry army of Paikas forcing the East India Company forces to retreat for a time. The rebellion came to be known as the Paika Bidroh (rebellion).

Question 28

Success of Paika rebellion?

Answer 28

• The Paika rebellion succeeded in
  1. Getting large remissions of arrears.
  2. Reductions in assessments.
  3. Suspension of the sale of the estates of defaulters at discretion.
  4. A new settlement on fixed tenures and other adjuncts of a liberal governance.

Question 29

Waghera rising?

Answer 29

• In 1818-1820 resentment against the alien rule coupled with the exactions of the Gaekwad of Baroda supported by the British government compelled the Waghera chiefs of Okha Mandal to take up arms.

Question 30

Ahom revolt?

Answer 30

In 1828
1. The British had pledged to withdraw from Assam after the First Burma War (1824-26). But, after the war, instead of withdrawing, the British attempted to incorporate the Ahoms territories in the Company’s dominion.
2. Rebellion under Gomdhar Konwar with compatriots.
3. Finally the Company decided to follow a conciliatory policy and handed over Upper Assam to Maharaja Purandar Singh.
Led by Gomdhar Konwar and Maharaja Purandhar Singh. Narendra Gadadhar Singh and Kumar Rupchand were other leaders.

Question 31

Surat Salt agitation?

Answer 31

A strong anti-British sentiment resulted in attacks by the local Surat population on the Europeans in 1844 over the issue of the goverment’s step to raise the salt duty from 50 paise to one rupee.

Question 32

Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts?

Answer 32

• The Gadkaris were a hereditary military class garrisoned in Maratha forts.
• It was disbanded during administrative reorganization in Kolhapur state.
• Facing the spectre of unemployment, the Gadkaris rose in revolt and occupied the Samangarh and Bhudargarh forts.
• Similarly, the simmering discontent caused a revolt in Savantvadi areas.

Question 33

Wahabai movement?

Answer 33

• It was a revivalist movement founded by Syed Ahmed of Rai Bareilly who was inspired by the teachings of Abdul Wahab of Saudi Arabia and Shah Waliullah of Delhi.
• Syed Ahmed condemned the western influence on Islam and advocated a return to pure Islam and society as it was in the Arabia of the Prophet’s time.
• Various court cases of sedition on the Wahabis weakened the Wahabi resistance.

Question 34

Kuka movement?

Answer 34

• Founded in 1840 by Bhagat Jawahar Mal (also called Sian Saheb) in western Punjab.
• A major leader of the movement after him was Baba Ram Singh. (He founded the Namdhari Sikh sect.) - After the British took Punjab, the movement got transformed from a religious purification campaign to a political campaign.
• Its basic tenets were abolition of caste and similar discriminations among Sikhs, discouraging the consumption of meat and alcohol and drugs, permission for intermarriages, widow remarriage, and encouraging women to step out of seclusion.
• On the political side, the Kukas wanted to remove the British and restore Sikh rule over Punjab; they advocated wearing hand-woven clothes and boycott of English laws and education and products.
• So, the concepts of Swadeshi and non-cooperation were propagated by the Kukas, much before they became part of the Indian national movement in the early twentieth century.

Question 35

Narkelberia Uprising?

Answer 35

Mir Nithar Ali (1782-1831) or Titu Mir inspired the Muslim tenants in West Bengal to rise against landlords, mainly Hindus, who imposed a beard tax on the Faraizis, and British indigo planters.
- Often considered the first armed peasant uprising against the British, these revolt soon took on a religious hue.
- The revolt later merged into the Wahabi movement.

Question 36

The Pagal Panthis revolt?

Answer 36

• The Pagal Pagal Panthi, a semi-religious group mainly constituting the Hajong and Garo tribes of Mymensingh district (earlier in Bengal), was founded by Karam Shah and Tipu Shah.
• But the tribal peasants organised themselves under Karam Shah’s son, Tipu, to fight the oppression of the zamindars.

Question 37

Faraizi revolt?

Answer 37

• The Faraizis were the followers of a Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariat-Allah of Faridpur in Eastern Bengal.
• Shariat-Allah son of Dadu Mian (1819-60) organised his followers with an aim to expel the English intruders from Bengal. The sect also supported the cause of the tenants against the zamindars.
• The Faraizi disturbances continued from 1838 to 1857. Most of the Faraizis joined the Wahabi ranks.

Question 38

Moplash uprisings?

Answer 38

• Hike in revenue demand and reduction of field size, coupled with the oppression of officials, resulted in widespread peasant unrest among the Moplahs of Malabar.
• Twenty two rebellions took place between 1836 to 1854. None, however, proved successful.
• The second Moplah uprising occurred after the Moplahs came to be organized by the Congress and the Khilafat supporters during the Non-cooperation Movement.
• But Hindu Muslim differences distanced the Congress and the Moplahs from each other. By 1921, the Moplahs had been subdued.

Question 39

Peasants role in the 1857 revolt?

Answer 39

• After the revolt, the plight of the peasants worsened with the British Government’s decision to gain the support of the landed classes while ignoring the peasants.
• Peasants could not avail of the provisions of the 1859 Bengal Rent Act. As a punishment for their participation in the 1857 revolt, the peasants had to pay an additional cess in some regions.

Question 40

How were the tribal movements of the northeastern frontier were different from the non frontier tribal revolts?

Answer 40

1. For one thing, the tribes which shared tribal and cultural links with the countries across the border did not concern themselves much with the nationalist struggle. Their revolts were often in favor of political autonomy within the Indian Union or complete Independence.
2. These movements were not forest based or agrarian revolts as these tribals were generally in control of land and forest area. The British entered the northeastern areas much later than the non frontier tribal areas.
3. The frontier tribal revolts under the British continued for a longer time than the non frontier tribal movements. De-sanskritisation movements also spread among the frontier tribals. Sanskritisation movements were almost totally absent in the North East region in the colonial period.

Question 41

Characteristics of tribal revolts?

Answer 41

1. Tribal identity lay behind the solidarity shown by these groups. Not all ‘outsiders’ were, however, seen as enemies.
2. Common cause was resentment against the imposition of laws by the foreign government that was seen as an effort at destroying the tribals’ traditional socioeconomic framework.
3. Many uprisings were led by messiah like figures who encourage their people to revolt and who held out the promise that they could end their suffering brought about by the outsiders.
4. The tribal uprisings were doomed from the beginning, given the outdated arms.

Question 42

Pahariyas Rebellion?

Answer 42

• The British expansion on their territory led to an uprising by the martial Pahariyas of the Raj Mahal Hills in 1778.
• The British were forced to usher in peace by declaring their territory as damni-kol area.

Question 43

Chuar uprising?

Answer 43

• Famine, enhanced land revenue demands and economic distress goaded the Chuar aboriginal tribesmen of the Jungle Mahal of Midnapore district and also of the Bankura district (in Bengal) to take up arms.
• Uprising lasted from 1766 to 1772.
• Sham Ganjam, Durjan Singh and Madhab Singh were important leaders.

Question 44

Which uprising is also known as the Revolt of the Jungle Mahal?

Answer 44

Chuar Uprising.

Question 45

Kol Mutiny?

Answer 45

1. Chhotanagpur (Ranchi, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Palamau and western parts of Manbhum).
2. Trouble in 1831 started with the large scale transfers of land from kol headman to outsiders like Hindu, Sikh and Muslim farmers and money lenders.
3. In 1831, under the leadership of Buddho Bhagat, the kols rebels killed or burnt about a thousand outsiders.

Question 46

Ho and Munda uprising?

Answer 46

• 1820-1837.
• The raja of Parahat organized his Ho tribals to revolt against the occupation of Singhbhum (now in Jharkhand).
• The revolt continued till 1827 when the Ho tribals were forced to submit.
• In 1831, they again organized a rebellion, joined by the Mundas of Chotanagpur, to protest against the newly introduced farming revenue policy and the entry of Bengalis into their region.
• In 1899-1900, the Mundas in the region south of Ranchi rose under Birsa Munda.

Question 47

Which rebellion is also known as Ulgulan?

Answer 47

• The Ulgulan was one of the most significant tribal uprisings in the period 1860-1920. Munda rebellion (also known as The Great Tumult).
• The rebellion which began as a religious movement gathered political force to fight against introduction of feudal, zamidari tenures, and exploitation by money lenders and forest contractors.

Question 48

The Santhal Rebellion?

Answer 48

-1855-56.
- Continued oppression of the Santhals, an agricultural people, who had fled to the Santhal rebellion against the zamidars.
- The rebellion turned into an anti British movement. Under Sidhu and Kanhu, two brothers, the Santhals proclaimed an end to Company rule, and declared the area between Bhagalpur and Rajmahal as autonomous.

Question 49

Khond uprisings?

Answer 49

• 1837-1856.
• Hilly tracts extending from Tamil Nadu to Bengal.
• Chakra Bishnoi, an important leader.
• Opposed the suppression of human sacrifice, new taxes, and the entry of zamidars into their area.

Question 50

Koya revolts?

Answer 50

• In 1803, 1840-1862, 1879-80.
• Eastern Godavari region of Andhra Pradesh.
• Tomma Sora and Raja Anantayyar were important leaders.
• Their complaints were oppression by police and moneylenders, new regulations and denials of their customary rights over forest areas.

Question 51

Bhill revolts?

Answer 51

• 1817-19, 1913.
• Khandesh, Dhar, Malwa, Western Ghats and Southern Rajasthan.
• in 1817-19 they revolted against Company rule as they had to face famine, economic distress and misgovernment.
• in 1913, Govind Guru helped the Bhils of south Rajasthan (Banswara, Sunth states).

Question 52

Koli Risings?

Answer 52

• 1829, 1839 and 1844-48.
• Western Ghats.
• They resented the imposition of Company’s rule which brought with it large scale unemployment for them and the dismantling of their forts.

Question 53

Ramosi Risings?

Answer 53

• 1822-1829, 1839-41.
• Western Ghats.
• Chittur Singh was an important leader.
• They resented the policy of annexation of British.

Question 54

Naikada Movement?

Answer 54

• 1860s, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat against British and caste Hindus.

Question 55

Kharwar rebellion?

Answer 55

By the Kharwars (1870s; Bihar) against revenue settlement activities.

Question 56

Khonda Dora Campaign?

Answer 56

By khonda Doras led by Korra Mallaya (1900; Dabur region in Visakhapatnam).

Question 57

Bhuyan and Juang rebellions?

Answer 57

By the Bhuyans, Juangs and Kals; first uprising was led by Ratna Nayak; second uprising was led by Dharni Dhar Nayak (1867-68; 1891-93; Kheonjhar, Orissa); against the installation of a British protege on the throne after the death of their raja in 1867.

Question 58

Bastar Revolt?

Answer 58

1910; Jagdalpur against new feudal and forest levies.

Question 59

Tana Bhagat Movements?

Answer 59

Among the Mundas and Oraon tribes led by Jatra Bhagat, Balram Bhagat who preached that God’s benevolent delegate would arrive to free the tribals (1914-1915; Chottanagpur); against interference of outsiders; began as Sankritisation movements.

Question 60

Jharkhand Uprising?

Answer 60

By tribals of Chotanagpur region (1920 ownwards); Adivasi Mahasabha was formed in 1937 which was replaced by Regional Jharkhand Party in 1949.

Question 61

Forest Satyagrahas?

Answer 61

1. By Chenchu tribals (1920s; Guntur district in Andhra).
2. By Karwars of Palamau (1930s; Bihar); against increasing British control over forests.

Question 62

Gond uprisings?

Answer 62

1940s to bring together the believers of Gond dharma.

Question 63

Khasi Uprising?

Answer 63

• East India Company wanted to build a road linking the Brahmaputra Valley with Sylhet.
• Khasis, Garos, Khamptis and the Singhpos organised themselves under Tirath Singh to drive away the strangers from the plains.

Question 64

Singhpos rebellion?

Answer 64

• 1830-31, 1843.
• Assam Burma border; Nirang Phidu led an uprising in 1843.

Question 65

Kukis revolt?

Answer 65

1917-19, Manipur, against British policies of recruiting labor during the first world War.

Question 66

Revolts in Tripura?

Answer 66

• against hike in house rates and against settlement of outsiders in the region.
  1. Led by Parikshit Jamatia (1863).
  2. The Reangs revolt led by Ratnamani (1942-43).
  3. Led by Bharti Singh (1920s).

Question 67

Zeliangsong movement?

Answer 67

1920s; Manipur; led by the Zemi, Liangmei and Rongmei tribes; against the failure of British to protect them during the Kuki violence in 1917-19.

Question 68

Naga movement?

Answer 68

1905-31; Manipur; led by Jadonang; against British rule and for setting up of a Naga raj.

Question 69

Heraka cult?

Answer 69

1930s; Manipur led by Gaidinliu; the movement was suppressed but Kabui Naga Association was formed in 1946.

Question 70

1. Revolt of Syntengs of Jaintia Hills in–
2. The Phulaguri peasants rebellion in-
3. The revolt of the Saflas in-
4. The uprising of the Kacha Nagas of Chachar in-
5. Women’s war in Manipur in-

Answer 70

1. Revolt of Syntengs of Jaintia Hills in– 1860-62.
2. The Phulaguri peasants rebellion in- 1861.
3. The revolt of the Saflas in- 1872-73.
4. The uprising of the Kacha Nagas of Chachar in- 1882.
5. Women’s war in Manipur in- 1904.

Question 71

Causes of Sepoy Mutinies?

Answer 71

1. Discrimination in payment and promotions.
2. Mistreatment of sepoys by British officials.
3. Refusal of the government to pay foreign service allowance while fighting in remote regions.
4. Religious objections of the high caste Hindu sepoys to Lord Canning’s General Service Enlistment Act (1856) ordering all recruits to be ready for Service both within and outside India.

Question 72

Seopy mutinies?

Answer 72

• Vellore Mutiny (1806)
• Mutiny of 47th Native Infantry Unit (1824)
• Revolt of Grenadier Company (1825), Assam
• Mutiny in Sholapur (1833)
• Mutiny of 34th Native Infantry (1844)
• Mutiny of 22nd Native Infantry (1849)
• Mutiny of 66th Native Infantry (1850)
• Mutiny of 37th Native Infantry (1852).