Quinolones Flashcards
Give some examples of the quinolones.
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin.
What is the mechanism of action for the quinolones?
Inhibition of topoisomerases, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication.
What are the quinolones indicated to treat?
RTIs, anthrax, gonorrhoea, UTIs.
What side effects are associated with quinolone use?
Tendon damage (rare), GI side effects, antibiotic associated colitis, headache, dizziness.
What was the recent CSM important safety warning for quinolones relating to?
Possibility of increased risk of convulsions in patients with or without a history of convulsions.
Which specific, serious side effects have been associated with moxifloxacin use?
QT interval prolongation and life-threatening hepatotoxicity.
What are the cautions for the use of the quinolones?
Use with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy or predisposition to seizures, G6PD deficiency, myasthenia gravis, children or adolescents (risk of arthropathy).
When should the quinolones be avoided?
In pregnancy. With use of NSAIDs, SSRIs, theophylline (increased risk of convulsions).
What specific counselling should be given to patients on quinolones?
Avoid exposure to excessive sunlight.