quick sheet Flashcards
Syllable Structure Patterns:
child simplification modifies the syllabic structure of a word (#
of syllables or syllable shape
Unstressed syllable deletion
omission(leaving out) of one or multiple syllables from a multisyllabic word. banana =>
[nænə]
Reduplication:
total or partial repetition of a syllable which causes the formation of a multisyllabic word.
water =>[wɑwɑ]
Diminutization
addition of /i/ or sometimes [Ci] c=consonant to the target. dog => [dɑgi]
Final consonant deletion:
deletion of final consonant or entire final consonant cluster in a word. dad => [dæ
Initial consonant deletion:
omission of single consonants or an entire initial consonant cluster in the initial
position of a target word. cat => [æt
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
deletion of one or all consonants in a cluster. please => [piz]
Cluster substitution:
replacement of one or all members of a cluster by another sound. bread [bwɛd]. Must
name what the substitution pattern is below (i.e., gliding)
Epenthesis:
insertion of an unstressed vowel, usually the schwa /ə/, between two consonants. blue => [bəlu]
Substitution Patterns:
when one class of sounds is substituted for another class of sounds.
Stopping:
fricatives or affricates to stop. soup => [tup], four => [p ɔr]
Deaffrication:
n affricate takes the place of a stop or fricative . chop => [sɑp] or [tɑp]
Velar fronting:
replacement of velar phonemes /k/, /g/, /ŋ/ by sounds produced more anteriorly in the mouth,
usually alveolars. key => [ti]
Depalatalization:
Sub of an alveolar for a palatal fricative or may also include an
alveolar affricate substitution for a palatal affricate. shoe => [su], match => [mats]
Backing:
replacement of sounds that are produced with anterior constriction by sounds produced more
posteriorly.
tea => [ki]
Liquid Gliding:
the liquids: /l/ and /r/ are replaced with the glides /j/ and /w/. rabbit => [wæbɪt], lady => [jedi]
Vocalization:
substitution of a vowel for a syllabic liquid or the replacement of the mid-central vowels by another
vowel usually /ə/ (e.g., /ɝ/ and /ɚ/ are substituted by /ə/ or when a syllabic liquid is substituted by a /o/ or /u/).
cracker => [krækə], simple [sɪmpo]
Assimilation Patterns:
how a sound or sounds may affect another sound.
Labial Assimilation:
A non-labial consonant becomes a labial (/p/, /b/, /m/, /w/) due to the influence of a labial
already in that word. book => [bʊb]
Velar Assimilation:
a non-velar consonant becomes a velar (/k/, /g/, /ŋ/, /w/) due to the influence of a velar
already in that word. goat => [gog]
Nasal Assimilation:
a non-nasal consonant becomes a nasal (/m/, /n/, /ŋ/) due to the influence of a nasal already
in that word. map => [mæm]
Alveolar Assimilation:
a non-alveolar consonant becomes an alveolar (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /n/) due to the influence
of an alveolar already in that word. tape => [tet
Prevocalic Voicing:
a voiceless prevocalic sound becomes voiced. type => [daɪp]
Postvocalic Devoicing:
a voiced obstruent following a vowel becomes voiceless/devoiced. tug => [tʌk]
Unstressed syllable deletion:
popsick
sɪkl
Unstressed syllable deletion:
telephone
tɛfon
Reduplication
water
wɑwɑ
Reduplication
bottle
baba
Diminutization:
dog
dɑgi
Diminutization
dog
dagi
Final consonant deletion:
dad
dæ
Final consonant deletion:
house- with /
hau -/sf
Final consonant deletion:
push with /
pʊ -/ʃf
Final consonant deletion:
park with
pa -/rkf
Initial consonant deletion:
cat with /
æt -/ki
Initial consonant deletion:
shoe with /
u -/ʃi
Initial consonant deletion:
tree with /
i -/tri
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
please
piz]
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
stack with partial and /
æk -/sti
tæk t/sti
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
past with partial and /
pæ -/stf
pæt t/stf
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
straw with partial and /
a -/stri
ta t/stri
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
block with / stop t liquid
bak b/bli
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
grass with / stop t liquid
gæs g/gri
Consonant Cluster Reduction:
liquid +stop
corn with /
kon n/rnf
Cluster substitution:
bread with /
[bwɛd] bw/br
Cluster substitution:
class with /
kwæs kw/kl
Epenthesis
blue
[bəlu]
Stopping:
soup with /
tup t/s
Stopping
four with /
pɔr
stopping
zoo with /
du d/z
Deaffrication:
chop
sɑp] or [tɑp]
Deaffrication:
john
dan or zan
Velar fronting:
key with /
ti t/k
Velar fronting:
girl with /
dɝl d/g
Depalatalization:
shoe
su]
Depalatalization: match
mats
Backing
tea with /
ki k/t
Backing
tap with /
kæp k/t
Liquid Gliding:
rabbit with /
wæbɪt] w/r
Liquid Gliding:
lady with l
[jedi] j/l
Vocalization:cracker
krækə],
Vocalization
rabbit with /
wæbIt w/r
p-mækʌwoni t-macaroni
liquid glide
p-grebi t-gravy
stopping
p-bru t-broom
final consonant deletion
p-kin t-clean
consonant cluster reduction
p-baikl t-bicycle
unstressed syllable deletion
p-hɔrsi t-horse
dimunitization
p-mʌso t-muscle
vocalization
p-dʌd t-bud
alveolar assimilation
p-bi t-pea
prevocalic voicing
p-zip t-jeep
deaffrication or depalatal
p-hæn t-ban
nasal assimilation
p-rog t-road
backing
p-jo t-low
liquid gliding
p-ɪp t-chip
initial consonant delete
p-dɪs t-this
stopping
p-pæt t-pack
fronting
p-pɛrgræf t-paragraph
syllable deletion
p-pepo t-paper
vocalization
sleep -consonant cluster reduction
ip -/sl
tap-backing
kæp k/t
shop- labial assimilation
pap p/s
map m/s
keys-post vocalic devoicing
kis s/zf
pen-dimunitization
pɛni t/i
t- stars c-tarz
consonant cluster reduction
t-haus c-haut
stopping
t-kʌp c-tʌp
fronting
t-laɪt c-waɪt
liquid gliding
t-tri c-ti
consonant cluster reduction
t-ʃædo c-ædo
initial consonant deletion
t-tit͡ʃɝ c-tit͡ʃə
vocalization
t-dædi c-dædæ
reduplication
t- slaɪd c-səlaɪd
epenthesis
t-sop c-pop
labial assimilation
t-kaɪt c-gaɪt
prevocalic
t- məʃrum c-rum
syllable deletion
postvolcalic - pig
[pik] k/g
prevocalic voicing - type pack
[daip] d/t
[bæk] b/p
alveloar assimilation -tape,soup
[tet] t/p
[sut] t/p
nasal assimilation - map, not
[mæm] m/p
[non] n/t
backing- tea, tap, dip
[ki] k/t
[kæp] k/t
[gip] g/d
depalatalization-shoe,match
[su]
[mæts]ts/tʃ
velar fronting- key, girl, ring
[ti] t/k
[dɝl]d/g
[rin] n/ŋ
deaffrication-chop,jhon
[sap]
dan
stopping- soup, zoo, four, five, feather, think, chick
[tup]t/s
[du]d/z
[pɔr]p/f
faɪb]b/v
fɛdɝ]d
tɪnk t/-o
tɪk t/tʃ
cluster sustitution-bread, class,
bwed] bw/br
kwæs] kw/kl
cluster reduction-total assimilation ;stack,past,straw
æk] -/sti
pæ]-/stf
a] -/str i
cluster reduction-partial assimilation;stack,past,straw
tæk] t/sti
pæt] t/stf
ta] t/stri
initial consonant deletion- cat,shoe,tree
æt] -/ki
-u] -/ʃi
i]-/tri
final consonant deletion-dad,test,house, push,park
[dæ]
tɛ]
hau]-sf
pu]-/ʃf
pa]-rkf
epenthesis- blue black leg
bəlu]
bəlæk]
lɛgə]
diminuzation- cup,doll,dog
kʌpi]
dali]
dagi]
reduplication , bottle
baba
unstressed syllable deletion- banana
nænʌ
