l8* Flashcards
rabbit [wæbɪ]
w/r liquid glide
-/t fcd
blimp [wɪp]
w/bl liquid glide
p/mp consonant cluster reduction
sheep [sɪ]
s/ʃ depalatal
ɪ/i vowel change
final consonant delete
doll [ali]
-/d Initial constant delete
t/f diminitization
dime [gaɪg]
g/d backing
g/m velar assimilation
which type of analysis is compared to the adult model?
relational or independent
relational analysis
independent analysis illustrates
- what sounds the child possesses in his or her phonetic inventory
- what syllable shapes/word shapes are used
- what phonotactic constraints are observed: sounds that don’t occur in specific positions
- What articulatory features are observed
independent analysis is useful for
Useful with very young children and unintelligible children
if you dont have a book in front of you then you dont know what the client is talking about
is independent analysis compared to the adult model ?
errors are not compared to the adult model
relation analysis are compared to
Errors are compared to the adult target.
relational analysis illustrates
1) SODA errors in specific word positions
2) Phonological patterns
3) Whole word acquisition patterns
4) Phonemic Inventory
Allows for a sound-by-sound analysis, a place-voicing-manner
analysis, a phonological process analysis, a whole word
measure analysis, and an error frequency analysis.
Independent and Relational Analysis
is a combination of the relational and independent
analysis may lead to maximal analysis of the assessment
information when appropriate.
The child’s level of errors dictates the analysis utilized
Phonetic Inventory Analysis
Phonetic inventory analysis can utilize data from an articulation or phonological test
or a conversational speech sample.
It is criterion-referenced
Lowe (1994) sound should occur three times.
what did Stoel-Gammon offered a sound is produced in the phonetic intentory
2 different times
what did Lowe offered a sound is produced in the phonetic intentory
3 times
what did Pene-Brooks offered a sound is produced in the phonetic inventory
if it occurs at least three times in a specific position, it may be considered part
of the productive phonetic inventory.
If it is only exhibited one to two times, it is marginal.
If a sound is not produced, then it is absent
Traditional Analysis examines to components
- The position of the phonemes in error
Initial, medial, and final - Stipulates types of errors:
Substitutions, omissions, distortions, and addition
for who is Traditional Analysis most suitable for
client’s with limited articulation errors and satisfactory intelligibility of speech
what type of analysis is traditional analysis
typically, time efficient analysis
This analysis is the manner in which most articulation tests
examine errors
Pattern Analysis
patterns or system wide changes caused by speech sound errors
patterns or system wide changes caused by
speech sound errors
pattern analysis types
Place-Manner-Voicing Analysis
Phonological Process Analysis
pattern analysis is appropriate for who
client’s with numerous speech sound errors and reduced intelligibility of speech
Manner, Place, and Voicing Analysis
Explores errors in regard to the features of place, manner, and
voice.
1. May affect place of articulation
(i.e., alveolar sounds substituted for velar sounds)
2. May affect manner of production
(i.e., stops substituted for fricatives)
3. May affect voicing feature
(i.e., a voiced sound substituted for a voiceless sound)
Typically, a time efficient method of analysis.
The Fisher-Logemann test
phonological error pattern analysis categories
-syllable structure patterns
-substitution patterns
-assimilation patterns
Phonological Error Pattern Analysis is
Frequently used analysis when investigating patterned errors.
Categorized based on phonological patterns.
Frequency of occurrence
amount of instances that a specific pattern occurs in a speech sample.
(i.e., 5 instances of gliding).
Percentage of occurrence
amount of instances that a specific process occurs out of the total number of possible opportunities for that process to occur.
Calculation: Total # of process use x 100 = Percentage of Use
Total # of process opportunities
-more specific
What is the criterion for the identification of a disordered phonological process?
The criteria for the identification of a phonological
process is not consistent. considered a process, the following must occur:
- errors must have the chance of happening on at least four
occasions - the error must occur in at least 20% of occurrences where
the process may have occurred.
in Phonological Process Analysis: Identification Criteria what does Lowe and Hodson and Parden
advocate to be considered
- the process to affect more than one sound from a
sound class - occurrence at least 40% of the time.
calculate steps for intelligibility rate
total words attempted
x
100
indelibility words
–What is the benefit of contextualized testing?
Contributes to discovering an initial context to begin
treatment. A clinician analyzes whether particular sounds
that precede or follow the target help production.
A clinician may also identify particular words that improve
articulation of a target sound.
An identified facilitative context may increase accuracy
during the beginning phase of treatment
whats the contextual analysis
establishes if certain phonetic
contexts assist in improved or correct production of a
sound.
