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NMT200 midterm (wk1-6) > quick pharm > Flashcards

quick pharm Flashcards

1
Q

incretin mimetics (2)

A

semaglutide and liraglutide

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2
Q

semaglutide and liraglutide act on what

A

agonist GLP1

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3
Q

semaglutide and liraglutide to treat

A

obesity and diabetes

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4
Q

best obesity treatment

A

semaglutide

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5
Q

what are the 2 appetite suppressants

A

bupropion and naltrexone

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6
Q

bupropion and naltrexone are

A

appetite suppressants

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7
Q

orlistat is

A

lipase inhibitot

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8
Q

lipase inhibitor

A

orlistat

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9
Q

how does bupropion and naltrexone suppress appetite

A

sympathomimetic increase SNS

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10
Q

hypothryoid treatments

A

levothyroxine and desiccated thyroid

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11
Q

hyperthyroid treatments (4)

A

beta blocker-propranolol
radioactive iodine
antithryoid agents- proylthiouracil and methimazole

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12
Q

propanolol is a

A

beta blocker

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13
Q

beta blocker

A

propanolol

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14
Q

what does propanolol do

A

helps with adrenergic excess (i.e. high HR) in hyperthyroid

can help decrease T4 to T3 in periphery but doesnt affect thyroid hormone production

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15
Q

why use radioactive iodine

A

ablate thyroid in graves and toxic nodules

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16
Q

methimazole does what to thyroid

A

decrease thyroid hormone production

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17
Q

propylthiouracil dose what to thryoid

A

decrease thyroid hormone production and inhibit conversion of t4 to t3 in periphery

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18
Q

propylthiouracil vs methimazole effects on thyroid

A

methi- decrease thyroid hormone production

propyl- does decrease thyroid hormone production (WHAT METHI DOES PLUS PERIPHERY) and inhibit conversion of t4 to t3 in periphery

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19
Q

methimazole vs propylthiouracil for pregnancy?

A

props in pregnancy 1st trimester

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20
Q

overall methimazole vs propylthiouracil

A

methimazole

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21
Q

methimazole vs propylthiouracil for thyroid storm

A

propylthioruacil

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22
Q

methimazole vs propylthiouracil causes aplasia cutis (1st trimester pregnancy issue)

A

methimazole

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23
Q

canagliflozin is a

A
  • Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
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24
Q

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors example

A

canaglifozin

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25
Q

what does canagliflozin do

A

o Prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys  enhanced glucose excretion

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26
Q

adverse effects o insulin

A

hypoglycemia, localized fat hypertrophy, allergic rxn

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27
Q

example of alpha glucoside inhibitor

A

acarbose

28
Q

acarbose is an

A

Alph glucosidase inhibitor

29
Q

what does acarbose do

A

delay starch and disaccharide digestion to reduce postprandial glucose levels

30
Q

if hypoglycemic when using acarbose what to treat with

A

glucose not sucrose (bc sucrose is a disaccharide and its digestion is delayed)

31
Q

contraindication for acarbose

A

IBS, IBD (flatulence, diarrhea, ab pain

32
Q

acarbose decreases bioavailability of what other diabetic medication

A

metformin

33
Q

metformin is a

A

biguanide

34
Q

biguanide example

A

metformin

35
Q

what is the 1st choice for T2D

A

metformin

36
Q

what does metformin do

A

decrease hepatic glucose production

37
Q

side effects of metformin

A

N/V, diarrhea, ab discomfort, anorexia
 B12 deficiency
 Lactic acidosis (contraindicated if have hepatic or renal disease

38
Q

what vitamin deficiency with metformin

A

b12

39
Q
  • DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors
A

sitaglitptin

40
Q

sitagliptin is a

A
  • DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors
41
Q

what do DPP4 do

A

inhibit enzyme that degrade GLP 1 (acts indirectly as incretic mimetic)

42
Q

what does sitagliptin do

A

inhibit enzyme that degrade GLP 1 (acts indirectly as incretic mimetic)

43
Q

adverse effects of semaglutide and liraglutide? contraindication?

A

GI, pancreatitis, heart, renal, contraindicated in pregnancy

44
Q

how do semaglutide and liraglutide work

A

o Direct incretin mimetics by acting on GLP-1 receptors
o Increase insulin secretion, suppress postprandial glucose secretion, slow gastric emptying, increase satiety

45
Q

what diabetes and obesity drug can prevent CVD events

A

semaglutide and liraglutide

46
Q

glyburide is a

A

sulfonyleureas

47
Q

sulfonylurea example

A

glyburide

48
Q

what does glyburide (sulfonylurea) do

A

o Insulin secretagogue  stimulate basal and meal insulin release

49
Q

when to use glyburide

A

add on therapy to metformin

50
Q

risks of glyburide

A

hypoglycemia and weight gain

51
Q

what are the 2 insulin secretagogues

A

glyburide and repaglinide

52
Q

repaglinide is a

A

meglitinde

53
Q

meglitinide example

A

repaglinide

54
Q
A
55
Q

difference between repaglinide and glyburide

A

both are insulin secretagogues but repalglinide is shorter

56
Q
  • Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors example
A

canagliflozin

57
Q

cangliflozin is a

A
  • Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
58
Q

what does canagliflozin do

A

o Prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys  enhanced glucose excretion

need good kidney function

59
Q

what can canagliflozin reduce

A

CVD and BP

60
Q

risks of canagliflozin (works on the kidneys)

A

hyperkalemia, genitourinary infections, hypotension, DKA

61
Q

what is the most dangerous diabetes medicine and you need patient consent each time you prescribe

A
  • Thiazolidinediones - pioglitazone
62
Q

pioglitazone side effects

A

o Weight gain, edema, fractures, heart failure
 Need to get consent from patients each time prescribed

63
Q

pioglitazone is a

A
  • Thiazolidinediones
64
Q
  • Thiazolidinediones example
A

pioglitazone

65
Q

what receptor does pioglitazone work on

A

o Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) receptors in adipose tissue

66
Q

how does pioglitazone work

A

o Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) receptors in adipose tissue
o Upregulated GLUT4 transporters and lipoprotein lipase
o Enhance glucose reabsorption and hydrolysis of circulation triglycerides

o Increase peripheral glucose uptake
o Enhanced fat cell sensitivity to insulin
o Decease hepatic glucose output

NMT200 midterm (wk1-6) (22 decks)

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