quick pharm Flashcards
incretin mimetics (2)
semaglutide and liraglutide
semaglutide and liraglutide act on what
agonist GLP1
semaglutide and liraglutide to treat
obesity and diabetes
best obesity treatment
semaglutide
what are the 2 appetite suppressants
bupropion and naltrexone
bupropion and naltrexone are
appetite suppressants
orlistat is
lipase inhibitot
lipase inhibitor
orlistat
how does bupropion and naltrexone suppress appetite
sympathomimetic increase SNS
hypothryoid treatments
levothyroxine and desiccated thyroid
hyperthyroid treatments (4)
beta blocker-propranolol
radioactive iodine
antithryoid agents- proylthiouracil and methimazole
propanolol is a
beta blocker
beta blocker
propanolol
what does propanolol do
helps with adrenergic excess (i.e. high HR) in hyperthyroid
can help decrease T4 to T3 in periphery but doesnt affect thyroid hormone production
why use radioactive iodine
ablate thyroid in graves and toxic nodules
methimazole does what to thyroid
decrease thyroid hormone production
propylthiouracil dose what to thryoid
decrease thyroid hormone production and inhibit conversion of t4 to t3 in periphery
propylthiouracil vs methimazole effects on thyroid
methi- decrease thyroid hormone production
propyl- does decrease thyroid hormone production (WHAT METHI DOES PLUS PERIPHERY) and inhibit conversion of t4 to t3 in periphery
methimazole vs propylthiouracil for pregnancy?
props in pregnancy 1st trimester
overall methimazole vs propylthiouracil
methimazole
methimazole vs propylthiouracil for thyroid storm
propylthioruacil
methimazole vs propylthiouracil causes aplasia cutis (1st trimester pregnancy issue)
methimazole
canagliflozin is a
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors example
canaglifozin
what does canagliflozin do
o Prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys enhanced glucose excretion
adverse effects o insulin
hypoglycemia, localized fat hypertrophy, allergic rxn
example of alpha glucoside inhibitor
acarbose
acarbose is an
Alph glucosidase inhibitor
what does acarbose do
delay starch and disaccharide digestion to reduce postprandial glucose levels
if hypoglycemic when using acarbose what to treat with
glucose not sucrose (bc sucrose is a disaccharide and its digestion is delayed)
contraindication for acarbose
IBS, IBD (flatulence, diarrhea, ab pain
acarbose decreases bioavailability of what other diabetic medication
metformin
metformin is a
biguanide
biguanide example
metformin
what is the 1st choice for T2D
metformin
what does metformin do
decrease hepatic glucose production
side effects of metformin
N/V, diarrhea, ab discomfort, anorexia
B12 deficiency
Lactic acidosis (contraindicated if have hepatic or renal disease
what vitamin deficiency with metformin
b12
- DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors
sitaglitptin
sitagliptin is a
- DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors
what do DPP4 do
inhibit enzyme that degrade GLP 1 (acts indirectly as incretic mimetic)
what does sitagliptin do
inhibit enzyme that degrade GLP 1 (acts indirectly as incretic mimetic)
adverse effects of semaglutide and liraglutide? contraindication?
GI, pancreatitis, heart, renal, contraindicated in pregnancy
how do semaglutide and liraglutide work
o Direct incretin mimetics by acting on GLP-1 receptors
o Increase insulin secretion, suppress postprandial glucose secretion, slow gastric emptying, increase satiety
what diabetes and obesity drug can prevent CVD events
semaglutide and liraglutide
glyburide is a
sulfonyleureas
sulfonylurea example
glyburide
what does glyburide (sulfonylurea) do
o Insulin secretagogue stimulate basal and meal insulin release
when to use glyburide
add on therapy to metformin
risks of glyburide
hypoglycemia and weight gain
what are the 2 insulin secretagogues
glyburide and repaglinide
repaglinide is a
meglitinde
meglitinide example
repaglinide
difference between repaglinide and glyburide
both are insulin secretagogues but repalglinide is shorter
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors example
canagliflozin
cangliflozin is a
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
what does canagliflozin do
o Prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys enhanced glucose excretion
need good kidney function
what can canagliflozin reduce
CVD and BP
risks of canagliflozin (works on the kidneys)
hyperkalemia, genitourinary infections, hypotension, DKA
what is the most dangerous diabetes medicine and you need patient consent each time you prescribe
- Thiazolidinediones - pioglitazone
pioglitazone side effects
o Weight gain, edema, fractures, heart failure
Need to get consent from patients each time prescribed
pioglitazone is a
- Thiazolidinediones
- Thiazolidinediones example
pioglitazone
what receptor does pioglitazone work on
o Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) receptors in adipose tissue
how does pioglitazone work
o Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) receptors in adipose tissue
o Upregulated GLUT4 transporters and lipoprotein lipase
o Enhance glucose reabsorption and hydrolysis of circulation triglycerides
o Increase peripheral glucose uptake
o Enhanced fat cell sensitivity to insulin
o Decease hepatic glucose output
