Questions Flashcards
Carbon atoms usually… (electrons)
Form 4 covalent bonds
Coke is produced from bituminous coal by…
Destructive distillation
The usual method for preparing CO2 in the laboratory is…
Reacting an acid & a carbonate
What is the precipitate formed when CO2 is bubbled into limewater?
CaCO3
What is the “lead” in the pencil?
Graphite & clay
What is the first & simplest alkane?
Methane
What does a slight oxidation of a primary alcohol give?
An aldehyde
What is the characteristic group of an organic ester?
-COO-
What is the organic acid that can be made from ethanol?
Acetic acid
What reaction can an ester be prepared by?
An alcohol & an organic acid
What compounds that have the same composition but differ in their structural formulas called?
Isomers
Ethene is the first member of…
Alkene series
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
What is the most active nonmetallic element?
Fluorine
What is the order of decreasing activity of the halogens?
F, Cl, Br, I
What formula does a light-sensitive substance used on photographic film have
AgBr
Sulfur dioxide is the anhydride of
Sulfurous acid
The charring action of sulfuric acid is due to it being…
A dehydrating agent
Ammonia is prepared commercially by the…
Combining of hydrogen & nitrogen gases
Haber process
A nitrogen that has a color is…
Nitrogen dioxide
If a student heats a mixture of ammonium chloride & calcium hydroxide in a test tube, he will detect
The odor of ammonia
The difference between ammonia & the ammonium ion is…
A proton
An important ore of iron
Hematite
A reducing agent used in the blast furnace
CO
Carbon monoxide
The metal with the electron shell configuration of [Ar]3d(10)4s(1)
Cu, copper
Reaction type that can be viewed as redox often involving hydrocarbon fuels & oxygen releasing heat & light
Combustion
Reaction type that can be viewed as redox involving an element & a compound becoming a new element & a new compound
Single Replacement
Reaction type that does not generally involve the transfer of electrons & is NOT viewed as a redox reaction
Acid/base
Reaction type that could possibly be viewed as a redox reaction in which only one substance is present in the reactants
Decomposition
Oxidation state for S in Na2SO3
+4
Oxidation state for P in PO4 (3-)
+5
Oxidation state for Ca in CaCO3
+2
Oxidation state for S in SO2
+4
Oxidation state for Cr in K2CrO4
+6
Reducing agents are substances that
Contain elements that are oxidized
When elemental bromine (Br2) reacts with a solution of sodium iodide (NaI)
Bromine will be reduced
The difference between HCl & HC2H3O2 as acids is
The first is highly ionized
The hydronium ion is represented as
H3O (+)
H2SO4 is a strong acid because it is
Highly ionized
The common ionic reaction if an acid with a base involves ions of…
Hydrogen & hydroxide
The pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration 1*10^-3 is
+3
What is an acid according to the Bronsted-Lowry Theory
A proton donor
What does a buffer solution do
Resists changes in pH
What is the point at which a titration is complete called?
End point
The concentrations in an expression of the equilibrium constant are given in…
mol/L
The equilibrium constant of water at 298K is equal to
1*10^-7
The pH of a solution that has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1*10^-4 mole/liter is
10
The pH of a solution that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1*10^-4 mole/liter is
4
A small value for K, the equilibrium constant indicates that…
The concentration of the un-ionized molecules must be relatively large compared with the ion concentration
In the Haber process for making ammonia, an increase in pressure favors
The forward reaction
A change in which of these conditions will change the K of an equilibrium given as a starting point?
Temperature
If Ca(OH)2 is dissolved in a solution of NaOH, its solubility, compared with that in pure water is
Decreased
When enthalpy is negative & entropy is positive, the free energy…
Is always negative
When enthalpy is positive & entropy is positive, the free energy…
Is negative at high temperatures
When enthalpy is negative & entropy is negative, the free energy…
Is negative at lower temperatures
When enthalpy is positive & entropy is negative, the free energy…
Is never negative
When free energy is zero, the system…
Is at equilibrium & there is no net reaction
List 5 factors that affect the rate of a reaction
Nature of reactants Surface area exposed Concentrations Catalyst presence Temperature
What does the addition of a catalyst to a reaction do…
It changes the activation energy
An increase in concentration is related to…
The number of collisions directly
At the beginning of a reaction, the reaction rate for the reactants is…
Largest, then decreasing
A synthesis will occur spontaneously after the activation energy is provided if the heat of formation of the product is…
Large & negative
The reaction of aluminium with dilute H2SO4 can be classified as
Single replacement
For a metal atom to replace another kind of metallic ion in a solution, the metal atom must be…
Higher in the activity series than the metal in solution
One reason for a double displacement reaction to go to completion is that
A product is given off as gas
A salt is derived from a strong base & a weak acid will undergo hydrolysis & give a solution that will be
Basic
Enthalpy is an expression for the
Heat content
The heat of formation of a reaction is recorded for
298 K
The property of being able to add enthalpies is based on the
First Law of Thermodynamcis
Distillation of water cannot remove
Volatile liquids like alcohol
The ratio in water of hydrogen to oxygen by mass is
1 : 8
Decomposing water by an electric current will give a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen by volume equal to
2 : 1
If 10g of ice melts at ) degrees, the total quantity of heat absorbed is
3,340 J
To heat 10g of water from 4 degrees to 14 degrees requires
418 J
The abnormally high boiling point of water in comparison to similar compounds is due primarily to
Hydrogen bonding
A metallic oxide placed in water would most likely yield
A base
A solution can be both…
Supersaturated & saturated
The solubility of a solute must indicate
T of solution
Quantity of solute
Quantity of solvent
A foam is an example of
A gas dispersed in a liquid
When another crystal was added to a water solution of the same substance, the crystal seemed to remain unchanged.
Its particles were…
Exchanging places with others in the solution
Zinc + sulfuric acid ->
zinc sulfate + hydrogen
Magnesium + oxygen ->
magnesium oxide
Potassium + water ->
potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
In the graphic representation of the energy contents of the reactants & the resulting products in an exothermic reaction, the energy content would be
Higher for the reactants
The process of separating components of a mixture by making use of the difference in their boiling points is called…
Fractional distillation
When oxygen combines with an element to form a compound, the resulting compound is called
An oxide
According to the activity charts of metals, which metal would react most vigorously in a dilute acid solution?
Magnesium
Graham’s Law refers to
Gaseous diffusion
When 200mL of a gas at constant pressure is heated, its volume…
Increases
When 200mL of a gas at constant pressure is heated from ) to 100 C, the volume must be multiplied by…
373/273
When the level of mercury inside a gas tube is higher than the level in the reservoir, you find the correct pressure inside the tube by taking the outside pressure reading and —–?—– the difference in the height of mercury
Subtracting
When a gas is collected over water, the pressure is corrected by
Subtracting the water vapor pressure of water at that temperature
AgCl
Silver Chloride
CaSO4
Calcium sulfate
Al2(SO4)3
Aluminum sulfate
NH4NO3
Ammonium nitrate
FeSO4
Iron (2) sulfate
