Gases & Gas Laws Flashcards
Catalyst
Speed up rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy needed reaction, it is not consumed
Ozone
Another form of oxygen that contains 3 atoms in its molecular structure
Can be formed where high/voltage electricity in lightning passes through air
Pressure
Force per unit area - with respect to atmosphere, pressure is the result of weight of a mix of gases
Atmospheric Pressure
Weight of kg mass on every square cm of surface exposed to it
Standard Pressure
The average sea-level; 760 mm of Hg
Height of mercury that can be held in an evacuated tube by 1 atmosphere of pressure
Manometer
Device used to measure pressure of a gas in a confined container
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
The theory that all molecules are in motion; this motion is most rapid in gases, less rapid in liquids & very slow in solids
Diffusion
The process whereby gases/liquids intermingle freely of their own accord
Spreading Out
Opening perfume in one part of room
Effusion
The flow/passing of a gas through a small orifice into an evacuated chamber
Graham’s Law of Effusion (Diffusion)
The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass
Charles Law
If pressure remains constant, the volume of a gas varies directly as the absolute temperature
Boyle’s Law
If the temperature remains constant, the volume of a gas varies inversely as pressure changes
Gay-Lussac’s Law
At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
When a gas is made up of a mixture of different gases, the pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the components
Allotropic Forms
Forms of same element that differ in energy content, having slightly different properties
Oxygen & Ozone
Electrolysis
Process of passing an electric current through water to cause it to decompose
Pascal
Pressure exerted by the force of 1N acting on an area of 1m^2
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas
Rate of Diffusion
The rate of the mixing of gases
Rate of Effusion
Measures the speed at which the gas is transferred into the chamber
Standard Temperature
273 Kelvin or absolute (0 Celsius)
Ideal Gas Law
Any gas that obeys the gas laws perfectly
Doesn’t exist
Ways of producing hydrogen
Electrolysis of water
Passing steam over red-hot iron
Decomposing natural gas with heat
