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Chemistry > Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, Elements > Flashcards

Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in nucleus of atoms
Identifies element, no 2 elements have same atomic numbers
Determined by Henry Moseley

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2
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of number of protons & neutrons in nucleus

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of same element that have same atomic numbers but different atomic masses
Same number of protons & electrons but different numbers of neutrons

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4
Q

Average atomic mass

A

Weighted average of atomic masses of naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Depends on mass & relative abundance of each elements isotopes

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5
Q

Valence electrons

A

The electrons found in the outermost energy level

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6
Q

Core electrons

A

All electrons but valence electrons

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7
Q

Valence of atom

A

Absolute number of electrons gained, lost, or borrowed

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8
Q

Spectroscope

A

Instrument used to analyse light by separating it into its component wavelengths

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9
Q

Mass spectroscopy

A

Separates isotopes of same element based of differences in their mass

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10
Q

Principal quantum number

A

Average distance of orbital from nucleus
Refers to principal energy levels
1,2,3,4…

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11
Q

Angular momentum quantum number

A

Refers to shape of orbital

S,p,d,f

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12
Q

Magnetic quantum number

A 
Determines number of orbitals & their orientation within subshell
S = 1 space oriented orbital 
p = 3
d = 5
f = 7
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13
Q

Spin Quantum Number

A

Refers to direction of electron spin

Either downward or upward

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14
Q

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

Each electron orbital of an atom can only have 2 electrons, with opposite spins - not same 4 quantum numbers

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15
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

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16
Q

Hund’s Rule

A

Electrons fills orbitals one at time, pairing will occur with addition of 1 more electron to each orbital

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17
Q

Transition Elements

A

The elements involved with the filling a d-sublevel with electrons after 2 electrons are in the s-sublevel of next principal level

18
Q

Periodic Law

A

The chemical properties of elements vary periodically with their atomic numbers

19
Q

Electronegativity

A

A number that measures the relative strength with which the atoms of the element attract valence electrons in a chemical bond
The higher the number, the greater the attraction

20
Q

Ionisation

A

The removal of one or more electrons

21
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy needed to remove 1 outer electron from its atom

22
Q

Half-life

A

The time it takes for 1/2 of radioactive nuclei to decay

23
Q

Transmutation

A

Changing 1 element into another (by change in protons)

Either by radioactive disintegration or bombardment of nuclei of substance with particles from particle accelerator

24
Q

Radioactive dating

A

Determination of the age of a substance with bits of organic material trapped in them

25
Q

Nuclear reaction

A

Any reaction involving a change in nuclear structure

26
Q

Nuclear fission reaction

A

The splitting of a heavy nucleus into 2/more lighter nuclei

27
Q

Nuclear fusion reaction

A

The combination of very light nuclei to make a heavier nuclei

28
Q

Nucleons

A

Protons & neutrons in the nucleus

29
Q

Ground State

A

Lowest energy state available to the electron

30
Q

Excited State

A

Any level higher than the ground state

31
Q

Lyman Series (ultraviolet)

A

The emission that occur when an electron cascades from a level higher than the first level down to n=1

32
Q

Balmer Series (visible)

A

The emissions that occur when an electron cascades from a level higher than first level down to n=2

33
Q

Paschen Series (infrared)

A

The emissions that occur when an electron cascades from a level higher than the first level down to n=3

34
Q

Uncertainty Principle

A

The position & momentum of a particle cannot be accurately measured at the same time

35
Q

Photon

A

A quantum of electromagnetic waves; wave-packets of EM waves that carry energy

36
Q

Atomic Spectra

A

The range of frequency/wavelengths of EM waves emitted/absorbed during transitions of electrons between energy levels within an atom

37
Q

Alpha Decay

A

Emits alpha particle to get more stable nucleus, same composition as Helium nucleus

38
Q

Beta Decay

A

Emits an electron from nucleus

39
Q

Gamma Decay

A

Protons & neutrons reconfigure themselves & so release energy in the form of high wavelength electromagnetic wave (gamma ray)

40
Q

Radon

A

Gas produced from spontaneous disintegration of nuclei of radioactive elements

41
Q

Spectra

A

An array of entities, as light waves or particles, arranged in accordance with magnitude of a common physical property, as wavelength or mass

Chemistry (15 decks)

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