Questions 49-58 p3 Flashcards
What are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
- T3 (triiodothyronin)
- T4 (thyroxine)
- Calcitonin (activates Vitamin D, inhibits bone resorption)
What gland makes TRH?
Thyroid Regulating Hormone
secreted by the hypothalamus
stimulates Anterior Pituitary
What gland makes TSH?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
secreted by Anterior Pituitary
stimulates Thyroid
What kind of control loop does Thyroid Hormones work under?
Negative Feedback Loop - once blood levels are high enough, loop is turned off
What must you have to turn off the loop?
Adequate T3 and T4 hormone in plasma
What thyroid hormone specifically turns off TRH?
T4
What does T3 turn off?
TSH
What is thyroid gland responsible for?
Hormones that control growth and repair of all tissues
What does the thyroid gland influence?
Activity of all Peripheral tissues
What proceses are T3 and T4 hormones concerned with?
DIST
- Decrease in serum cholesterol
- Increase in glucose and free fatty acids
- stimulate protein synthesis
- tissue growth & repair - mainly muscle & nerve
What hormone DIRECTLY controls release of T3 and T4?
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Anterior Pituitary
What happens in hypothyroidism?
Negative Feedback loop never gets turned off and thryoid tissue grows to try and compensate to make more thyroid hormones
What is a goiter?
the growth compensation of the thyroid gland in adults from hypothyroidism
What are the 3 primary differences between T3 and T4?
POD
- Potency
- Onset of Action
- Duration of Action
Which hormone has faster onset and greater potency?
T3
Why does T3 have faster onset and greater potency?
T4 has lag time and gets bound more by plasma proteins, so not as effective BUT has greater duration of action
How are serum calcium levels regulated?
By the: Thyroid gland (calcitonin) Parathyroid gland (PTH)
What stimulates secretion of PTH and where is it secreted?
Hypocalcemia (low Ca blood levels)
PTH from parathyroid
What stimulates secretion of calcitonin and where is it secreted from?
Hypercalcemia (high Ca blood levels)
Calcitonin from thyroid gland
What can we call the relationship between PTH and Calcitonin?
Mutual Antagonist (do the opposite jobs of each other)
What are the 2 Bisphosphonate drugs to know?
- Alendronate/Fosamax
2. Risedronate/Actonel
What is the MOA of bisphosphonates?
MOA =
- inhibit normal and abnormal bone resorption
- decrease osteoclast activity
- can increase bone formation
What is key to know when taking bisphosphonates?
NOT well absorbed by GI - so don’t take with anything that makes stomach more acidic - like OJ
What are the SE of bisphosphonates?
Top 2 Bottom (4)
- Headache
- Dry Mouth
- Musculoskeletal Pain
- Flatulence
