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Bio58 Final > Questions 16 thru 22 p2 > Flashcards

Questions 16 thru 22 p2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does COPD stand for?

A

Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease

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2
Q

If you are diagonsed with COPD, what must you have 1 or more of?

A
  1. Asthma
  2. Chronic Bronchitis
  3. Emphysema
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3
Q

What is a common cause of COPD?

A

smoking

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4
Q

What are the 3 typical signs of COPD?

A
  1. Persistent Cough
  2. Dyspnea on exertion
  3. Wheezing
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5
Q

Is there a cure for COPD?

A

NO

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6
Q

What is emphysema?

A

A disease of the aveolar sacs where the sacs have lost their elasticity thru fibrin changes and it is harder to expel air (get rid of CO2)

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7
Q

What is a typical sign of emphysema?

A

SOB - cannot expel air

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8
Q

Is there a cure for emphysema?

A

NO

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9
Q

What MAIN nervous system controls respiration?

A

ANS - Autonomic Nervous System

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10
Q

What 2 branches of the ANS are involved with respiration?

A

SNS - Sympathetic Nervous System

PNS - Parasympathetic Nervous System

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11
Q

What happens when the sympathetic is stimulated?

A

bronchodilation

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12
Q

What is activated in the sympathetic to cause bronchodilation?

A

cAMP - cyclic adenosine monophosphate

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13
Q

What happens when the parasympathetic is stimulated?

A

bronchoconstriction

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14
Q

What is activated in the parasympathetic to cause bronchoconstriction?

A

cGMP - cyclic guanosine monophosphate

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15
Q

What is cAMP and cGMP?

A

A nucleotide

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16
Q

What else does stimulation of parasympathetic and cGMP cause?

A
  1. bronchoconstriction
  2. secretion of mucus
  3. increased release of mediators from mast
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17
Q

What is asthma?

A

An inflammatory disease of the bronchus and bronchioles

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18
Q

What 2 things are characteristic of asthma?

A
  1. SOB

2. Wheezing

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19
Q

What are 3 common causes of asthma?

A
  1. Bronchoconstriction
  2. Respiratory Irritants - SPAMD
    Smoke, Pollen, Animal Dander, Mold, Dust
  3. Excercise Induced
20
Q

What 2 categories of drugs are used to treat asthma?

A 
Bronchodilators
1. Selective Beta 2 Agonists
Albuterol/ProAir and Salmeterol
2. Anti-cholinergics (less so)
Ipratropium Bromide
21
Q

List the 7 categories of drugs used for treatment of respiratory diseases

A

SAMEBAT

  1. Steroids
  2. Anti-Allergics
  3. Mucolytics
  4. Expectorants
  5. Beta-Agonist
  6. Anti-cholinergics
  7. Theophylline
22
Q

What is another name for steroids?

A

Corticosteroids

23
Q

what is the drug to know?

A

Prednisone/Sterapred

24
Q

What is the MOA of steroids?

A

MOA = inhibits the inflammatory response in the respiratory system

25
Q

What are the CI for use of steroids?

A
  1. acute inflammation

2. allergic condition

26
Q

What are the SE/AE of steroids

A
  1. Fluid Retention
  2. Metabolic Disturbances
  3. Increased susceptibility to infection
27
Q

What is the drug to know for Anti-Allergics?

A

Cromolyn Sodium

28
Q

What is the MOA for Cromolyn Sodium?

A

Interferes with antigen/antibody reaction to release mediators from mast cells

29
Q

What are the CI for Cromolyn Sodium?

A

RUG

  1. Rhinitis
  2. Uticaria
  3. Giant Papillary Conjuctivitis
30
Q

What are the routes of administration for Cromolyn Sodium?

A

IOE

  1. Inhalation
  2. Oral
  3. Eye Drops
31
Q

What are the SE of Cromolyn Sodium?

A

FINNDH

  1. Foul taste
  2. Irritation/Burning
  3. Nasal Stinging/Itching
  4. N/V/D
  5. Drowsiness
  6. Headache
32
Q

What is the drug to know for mucolytics?

A

Acetylcysteine

33
Q

What is the MOA for acetylcysteine/mucolytics?

A

contains a sulfahydral group which allows for the breakdown of glycoproteins in mucus, thereby liquefying them

34
Q

What is a SE of acetylcysteine?

A

bronchospams

caution with asthmatic patients

35
Q

What is a special use of acetylcysteine?

A

overdose on APAP - sulfahydral group binds to APAP preventing liver metabolizing and excretes in feces

36
Q

What is the drug to know for expectorant?

A

Guaifenisen

37
Q

What are the CI for guaifenisen?

A

dry, irritating cough

38
Q

What is the MOA of guaifenisen?

A

stimulate production of respiratory mucus

39
Q

What is a SE of guaifenisen?

A

N/V - irritation of GI lining

40
Q

What MUST you drink with guaifenisen to make it most effect?

A

H2O - water

41
Q

What 2 categories of respiratory drugs cause bronchodilation?

A
  1. Beta-Agonist (MOA = stimulate sympathetic, creation of cAMP)
    Albuterol/ProAir, Salmeterol
  2. Anti-cholinergics (MOA = inhibit parasympathetic, inhibit creation of cGMP)
    Ipratropium Bromide
42
Q

IN what do we find the drug theophylline?

A

Tea, Coffee and Cocoa

43
Q

What is the MOA of theophylline?

A

inhibits the intracellular phosphodiesterase thereby continually stimulating the sympathetic nervous system with cAMP causing bronchodilation

44
Q

What is phosphodiesterase?

A

an intracellular enzyme that breaks down cAMP

45
Q

What are the 3 SE of theophylline?

A

HFH

  1. Headache
  2. Flushing
  3. Heart palpitations

Bio58 Final (9 decks)

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