questions Flashcards
presentation of alcoholic ketoacidosis
metabolic acidosis
elevated anion gap
elevated serum ketone levels
normal or low glucose concentration
management of alcoholic ketoacidosis
infusion of saline and thiamine
what is zollinger-ellison syndrome
characterised by excessive levels of gastrin secondary to gastrin secreting tumour
found in first part of duodenum
features of zollinger-ellison
multiple gastroduodenal ulcers
diarrhoea
malabsorption
diagnosis of zollinger-ellison syndrome
fasting gastrin levels
secretin stimulation test
features of vit C deficiency
gingivitis, loose teeth
poor wound healing
bleeding from gums, haematuria, epistaxis
general malaise
easy bruising
causes of thiamine deficiency
alcohol excess
malnutrition
consequences of vit A deficiency
night blindness
acute treatment of variceal haemorrhage
ABC- resus prior to endoscopy
correct clotting: FFP, vit K, platelet transfusion
vasoactive agents: terlipressin
prophylactic IV antibiotics- patients with liver cirrhosis
TERILIPRESSIN AND IV ABX- before endoscopy in suspected haemorrhage
management of variceal haemorrhage- in endoscopy
endoscopic variceal band ligation > endoscopic sclerotherapy
management of uncontrollable variceal haemorrhage
sengstaken- blakemore tube
then TIPSS
prophylactic management of variceal haemorrhage
propranolol
endoscopic variceal band ligation
TIPSS
management of achalasia
pneumatic (balloon) dilation
surgical intervention: Heller cardiomyotomy
intra-sphincteric injection of botulinum toxin
