Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What is Morgenthau’s main message
A
Do not meddle !
2
Q
What are 4 diplomacy tasks according to Morgenthau
A
O F O I
- Assess own power
- Assess foreign power
- Check if objectives are compatible
- Pursue national interest by appropriate means
3
Q
National Interest can be defined in terms of _____
A
National Security
4
Q
National Security can be further defined as _____
A
Integration of institutions and territory
5
Q
Diplomacy Rules according to Morgenthau
A
CFVC
- Diplomacy must be divested of the crusading spirit
- The objectives foreign policy must be defined in terms of national interest and supported with adequate power
- Diplomacy must look at political scene from others point of view
- Nations must be ready to compromise on all issues not vital to them
6
Q
Should the public influence foreign policy?
A
No
7
Q
Similarity between Waltz and Morgenthau
A
Both advise states to be risk averse
8
Q
Types of power according to Nye
A
Soft
Hard
Smart
9
Q
Morgenthau argues that diplomacy’s goal is the promotion of national interests by peaceful means. These means are :
A
PCF
- Persuasion
- Compromise
- Threat of force
10
Q
What are 8 drivers of National Power ( potential power )
A
EDIAPETE
- Energy
- Domestic sociopolitical
- International political
- Agriculture
- Population
- Economic
- Technology
- Environmental resources and quality
11
Q
Ways to implement power (According to Nye)
A
CPA
1.Coercion
2. Payment
3. Attraction
12
Q
Alignment with other states against a prevailing threat is called ____
A
Balancing
13
Q
Alignment with a state that is a source of danger is called _____
A
Bandwagoning
14
Q
Which one is more dangerous, bandwagoning or balancing?
A
Bandwagoning
15
Q
States, in pursuit of survival (power/wealth) can:
A
Mobilize resources internally
Extract resources internally
Extract resources externally
External validation
16
Q
According to Mearsheimer, potential power of a state is based on _____ and ______, but cannot be properly turned into actual power without conversion capability
A
Size of population
Level of Wealth
17
Q
What 2 factors inhibit cooperation?
A
- Defection
- Relative Gains
18
Q
How attractive is defection?
A
Players will pursue self-interest
19
Q
Name 3 conditions necessary for cooperation according to Oye
A
- Increase time horizon
- Reduce number of players
- Modify payoff structures
20
Q
Anarchy makes cooperation difficult, because states____
A
- Will free ride if possible
- Pursue national interest
- View gains as relative
21
Q
Zero-Sum
A
One wins, other lossess
22
Q
Non-Zero-Sum // Win-Win
A
Everyone can win
23
Q
The Payoff structure can be:
A
Unilateral
Bilateral
Multilateral
24
Q
Individual decisions in the tragedy of commons is ____
A
Suboptimal
25
According to realists, international law can create order in the international system
TRUE or FALSE
False
26
What are international regimes?
Implicit or explicit rules, norms or decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations
27
Functionalism / the spill-over effect :
Low-level cooperation turns into high-level cooperation
28
According to institutionalists, IOs serve the function of reducing transaction and information costs
TRUE or FALSE
True
29
IOs help overcome bargaining issues by :
FPP
1. Provides forum for discussions
2. Establishes where the discussion should take place
3. Specify who should participate
30
IOs help combat defection / non-compliance by :
Mon Sa Co Fin MoP Dis
1. Monitoring & Transparency
2. Sanctions
3. Reduced Implementation Costs
4. Financial incentives
5. Moral Persuasion
6. Disagreement management
31
“Delegation serves the interests of IOs, but also IOs develop autonomy, which leads tension” - describes which theory?
Principal-Agent Theory
32
Realists explain war, Liberals explain peace
TRUE or FALSE
True
33
According to Institutionalists, institutions are a reflection of the distribution of power
TRUE or FALSE
False
34
What are 3 Institutional Theories?
1. Liberal Institutionalism
2. Collective Security
3. Critical Theory
35
What is NSA?
Non-State Actors
36
In the realist point of view, international regimes should manage environmental programs
TRUE or FALSE
False
37
Neo’Classical Realism seeks to answer following question- how can realist account for _______
Foreign policy
38
Keohane & Nye assert that balance of power theories are poorly adapted to analyzing problems of economic and ecological interdependence
TRUE or FALSE
True
39
Dependance refers to situations characterized by reciprocal effects among countries or among actors in different countries
TRUE or FALSE
False
40
It is asymmetries in the dependance that are most likely to provide influence
TRUE or FALSE
True
41
Interdependence is :
Mutual dependence between states for production
42
Collective security is not a pacifist doctrine, but a ______ system
Deterrent
43
Which has primary responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security?
Security Council
44
Sustainable means developing economic growth without damaging the environment
TRUE or FALSE
True
45
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are:
Russia, China, France, UK, USA
46
It has been found that peacekeeping operations generally do not stand the duration of post conflict
TRUE or FALSE
False
47
What is re-hatting ?
When regional peacekeepers change their hats to blue helmets, this represents UN peacekeeping operation
—-> changw of authority, mission, who us in charge
48
3 skills needed to be international negotiation:
1. Communication Skills
2. Ability to look from others POV
3. Knowledgeable about the topic
49
Talks / Negotiations are more efficient with a mediator
TRUE or FALSE
True
50
Mersheimer believed institutions have ______ influence in state behavior
Minimal
51
The authors do not believe international institutions play a role in conflict resolution
TRUE or FALSE
False
52
According to Novotny, health is the responsibility of individual countries, but the protection of domestic populations requires international cooperation and invigorated global governance to support such cooperation
TRUE or FALSE
True
53
Global health governance must focus in the underlying determinants of health, including economic inequalities and other social determinants, environmental degradation and disasters
TRUE or FALSE
True
54
The core mission of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to provide standards, practices, and technical recommendations for collaborative accomplishment of agreed-upon public health goals. In addition, the WHO may develop binding legal agreements in the form of treaties among member states
TRUE or FALSE
True
55
NATO’s Article 5 commits each member to consider an armed attack against one member, in Europe or North America, to be an armed attack against all members
TRUE or FALSE
True
56
Article 2 if the NATO Treaty promotes institutions buildings
TRUE or FALSE
True
57
Collective Defense Example
NATO
58
Collective Security Example
Security Council
59
Identify three pillars of Bretton Woods System :
1. Economic Development
2. Trade
3. Monetary Stability
60
What are International Organizations most associated with the three pillars ?
1. World Trade Organization
2. International Monetary Fund
3. World Bank
61
According to Alexander Wendt, Neo’Realists think structure comprises only the _______, whereas constructivists think it is also made of ______
Distribution of material capabilities
Social relationships
62
What are the 3 elements of social structures according to constructivists?
1. Shared knowledge
2. Material resources
3. Practices
63
According to Constructivists, why would 500 British nukes be less threatening than 5 North Korean nukes?
Because of USA and UK are allies, have good relationship
64
A state, as a person of international law should possess the following:
Pop Ter Gov IntR
1. Permanent population
2. Defined territory
3. Government
4. Capacity to enter into relations with other countries
65
Hegemonic Stability Theory
International system will reach stability through hegemony
66
How is power measured ( Waltz )
Defined by reference of capabilities (military/economic) since it’s estimated by comparing number of units
67
Several articles of the UN charter focus on peacekeeping, it has been argued that one of the articles expresses that the UN should be the last resource, that is other organizations such as regional groups must be given priority
TRUE or FALSE
True
68
Hobbes view on war :
Conflict and war are rooted in human nature
69
Machiavelli’s view in human nature :
All men are wicked
70
Structural / Neo’Realism - international politics is driven by 3 variables :
1. Anarchy
2. States
3. Distribution of Power
71
Ordering Principle is:
Anarchy
72
Basic unit:
States
73
International system is a _______ system
Self-Help
74
Power can be increased by 2 means:
• External (allies)
• Internal (strengthening self, better economy—> better military)
75
Relative gains:
What one state gains, other lossess
76
Offensive realists about power:
Stated should seek as much power as possible and hegemony if conditions are right
77
Defensive realists about power:
States should not seek to much power because system will punish them
Get as much power as you need, but no more than needed to maintain status quo
78
Security Dilemma:
When state A strengthens itself, so will state B, leading to an arms race
79
3 types if constellation of power:
1. Hegemony
2. Bipolarity
3. Multipolarity
80
Hierarchy in the distribution of power leads to stability. What is necessary for this to work?
Perfect Transparency
81
Diplomacy is an anarchic which distinguishes between ______ and ______
Opportunity and Threat
82
What is threat?
Misreading others’ capabilities leads to ill-formed decisions
83
What is opportunity?
When state A makes state B believe in something that is good for state A’s National Interests
84
Definition of power (Human relations, Dahl)
Convincing others to do something they otherwise wouldn’t
Ability to affect behavior of others to get what one wants
Having more control over outcomes
85
According to institutionalists, international organizations serve the function of reducing transaction and information costs
TRUE or FALSE
True
86
What stands in the way of achieving benefitial collective outcome?
Defection
87
A national level political system is a self-help system
TRUE or FALSE
False
88
An international level political system is a self-help system
TRUE or FALSE
True
89
According to realist world of view, world-shaking problems cry for solutions, but there is no world government to provide them, moreover the prospect of world government will leave invitation for world civil war, according to Waltz
TRUE or FALSE
True
90
According to Morgenthau, what is the primary objective of diplomacy?
Promote your states national interest by peaceful means
91
What are the virtues of anarchy?
Self-help system
Smart-state
92
How does conflict occur according to Neo’Liberalism / Neo’Realism?
Changes in distribution of power
93
Balance of power can be achieved by:
Arms racing
Alliance policy
94
The likeness of war can be determined by:
1. Number of great powers
2. Distribution of Power among major states
3. Changes in the distribution of power
95
International regimes coax cooperation because
They reduce transaction costs
They provide information
96
Cooperation
Conscious policy coordination for mutual benefit
