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IRPH > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Morgenthau’s main message

A

Do not meddle !

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2
Q

What are 4 diplomacy tasks according to Morgenthau

A

O F O I

  1. Assess own power
  2. Assess foreign power
  3. Check if objectives are compatible
  4. Pursue national interest by appropriate means
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3
Q

National Interest can be defined in terms of _____

A

National Security

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4
Q

National Security can be further defined as _____

A

Integration of institutions and territory

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5
Q

Diplomacy Rules according to Morgenthau

A

CFVC

  1. Diplomacy must be divested of the crusading spirit
  2. The objectives foreign policy must be defined in terms of national interest and supported with adequate power
  3. Diplomacy must look at political scene from others point of view
  4. Nations must be ready to compromise on all issues not vital to them
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6
Q

Should the public influence foreign policy?

A

No

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7
Q

Similarity between Waltz and Morgenthau

A

Both advise states to be risk averse

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8
Q

Types of power according to Nye

A

Soft
Hard
Smart

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9
Q

Morgenthau argues that diplomacy’s goal is the promotion of national interests by peaceful means. These means are :

A

PCF

  1. Persuasion
  2. Compromise
  3. Threat of force
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10
Q

What are 8 drivers of National Power ( potential power )

A

EDIAPETE

  1. Energy
  2. Domestic sociopolitical
  3. International political
  4. Agriculture
  5. Population
  6. Economic
  7. Technology
  8. Environmental resources and quality
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11
Q

Ways to implement power (According to Nye)

A

CPA

1.Coercion
2. Payment
3. Attraction

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12
Q

Alignment with other states against a prevailing threat is called ____

A

Balancing

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13
Q

Alignment with a state that is a source of danger is called _____

A

Bandwagoning

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14
Q

Which one is more dangerous, bandwagoning or balancing?

A

Bandwagoning

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15
Q

States, in pursuit of survival (power/wealth) can:

A

Mobilize resources internally

Extract resources internally

Extract resources externally

External validation

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16
Q

According to Mearsheimer, potential power of a state is based on _____ and ______, but cannot be properly turned into actual power without conversion capability

A

Size of population
Level of Wealth

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17
Q

What 2 factors inhibit cooperation?

A
  1. Defection
  2. Relative Gains
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18
Q

How attractive is defection?

A

Players will pursue self-interest

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19
Q

Name 3 conditions necessary for cooperation according to Oye

A
  1. Increase time horizon
  2. Reduce number of players
  3. Modify payoff structures
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20
Q

Anarchy makes cooperation difficult, because states____

A
  1. Will free ride if possible
  2. Pursue national interest
  3. View gains as relative
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21
Q

Zero-Sum

A

One wins, other lossess

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22
Q

Non-Zero-Sum // Win-Win

A

Everyone can win

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23
Q

The Payoff structure can be:

A

Unilateral
Bilateral
Multilateral

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24
Q

Individual decisions in the tragedy of commons is ____

A

Suboptimal

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25
Q

According to realists, international law can create order in the international system

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

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26
Q

What are international regimes?

A

Implicit or explicit rules, norms or decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations

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27
Q

Functionalism / the spill-over effect :

A

Low-level cooperation turns into high-level cooperation

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28
Q

According to institutionalists, IOs serve the function of reducing transaction and information costs

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

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29
Q

IOs help overcome bargaining issues by :

A

FPP

  1. Provides forum for discussions
  2. Establishes where the discussion should take place
  3. Specify who should participate
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30
Q

IOs help combat defection / non-compliance by :

A

Mon Sa Co Fin MoP Dis

  1. Monitoring & Transparency
  2. Sanctions
  3. Reduced Implementation Costs
  4. Financial incentives
  5. Moral Persuasion
  6. Disagreement management
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31
Q

“Delegation serves the interests of IOs, but also IOs develop autonomy, which leads tension” - describes which theory?

A

Principal-Agent Theory

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32
Q

Realists explain war, Liberals explain peace

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

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33
Q

According to Institutionalists, institutions are a reflection of the distribution of power

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

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34
Q

What are 3 Institutional Theories?

A
  1. Liberal Institutionalism
  2. Collective Security
  3. Critical Theory
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35
Q

What is NSA?

A

Non-State Actors

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36
Q

In the realist point of view, international regimes should manage environmental programs

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

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37
Q

Neo’Classical Realism seeks to answer following question- how can realist account for _______

A

Foreign policy

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38
Q

Keohane & Nye assert that balance of power theories are poorly adapted to analyzing problems of economic and ecological interdependence

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

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39
Q

Dependance refers to situations characterized by reciprocal effects among countries or among actors in different countries

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

40
Q

It is asymmetries in the dependance that are most likely to provide influence

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

41
Q

Interdependence is :

A

Mutual dependence between states for production

42
Q

Collective security is not a pacifist doctrine, but a ______ system

A

Deterrent

43
Q

Which has primary responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security?

A

Security Council

44
Q

Sustainable means developing economic growth without damaging the environment

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

45
Q

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are:

A

Russia, China, France, UK, USA

46
Q

It has been found that peacekeeping operations generally do not stand the duration of post conflict

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

47
Q

What is re-hatting ?

A

When regional peacekeepers change their hats to blue helmets, this represents UN peacekeeping operation
—-> changw of authority, mission, who us in charge

48
Q

3 skills needed to be international negotiation:

A
  1. Communication Skills
  2. Ability to look from others POV
  3. Knowledgeable about the topic
49
Q

Talks / Negotiations are more efficient with a mediator

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

50
Q

Mersheimer believed institutions have ______ influence in state behavior

A

Minimal

51
Q

The authors do not believe international institutions play a role in conflict resolution

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

52
Q

According to Novotny, health is the responsibility of individual countries, but the protection of domestic populations requires international cooperation and invigorated global governance to support such cooperation

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

53
Q

Global health governance must focus in the underlying determinants of health, including economic inequalities and other social determinants, environmental degradation and disasters

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

54
Q

The core mission of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to provide standards, practices, and technical recommendations for collaborative accomplishment of agreed-upon public health goals. In addition, the WHO may develop binding legal agreements in the form of treaties among member states

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

55
Q

NATO’s Article 5 commits each member to consider an armed attack against one member, in Europe or North America, to be an armed attack against all members

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

56
Q

Article 2 if the NATO Treaty promotes institutions buildings

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

57
Q

Collective Defense Example

A

NATO

58
Q

Collective Security Example

A

Security Council

59
Q

Identify three pillars of Bretton Woods System :

A
  1. Economic Development
  2. Trade
  3. Monetary Stability
60
Q

What are International Organizations most associated with the three pillars ?

A
  1. World Trade Organization
  2. International Monetary Fund
  3. World Bank
61
Q

According to Alexander Wendt, Neo’Realists think structure comprises only the _______, whereas constructivists think it is also made of ______

A

Distribution of material capabilities
Social relationships

62
Q

What are the 3 elements of social structures according to constructivists?

A
  1. Shared knowledge
  2. Material resources
  3. Practices
63
Q

According to Constructivists, why would 500 British nukes be less threatening than 5 North Korean nukes?

A

Because of USA and UK are allies, have good relationship

64
Q

A state, as a person of international law should possess the following:

A

Pop Ter Gov IntR

  1. Permanent population
  2. Defined territory
  3. Government
  4. Capacity to enter into relations with other countries
65
Q

Hegemonic Stability Theory

A

International system will reach stability through hegemony

66
Q

How is power measured ( Waltz )

A

Defined by reference of capabilities (military/economic) since it’s estimated by comparing number of units

67
Q

Several articles of the UN charter focus on peacekeeping, it has been argued that one of the articles expresses that the UN should be the last resource, that is other organizations such as regional groups must be given priority

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

68
Q

Hobbes view on war :

A

Conflict and war are rooted in human nature

69
Q

Machiavelli’s view in human nature :

A

All men are wicked

70
Q

Structural / Neo’Realism - international politics is driven by 3 variables :

A
  1. Anarchy
  2. States
  3. Distribution of Power
71
Q

Ordering Principle is:

A

Anarchy

72
Q

Basic unit:

A

States

73
Q

International system is a _______ system

A

Self-Help

74
Q

Power can be increased by 2 means:

A

• External (allies)

• Internal (strengthening self, better economy—> better military)

75
Q

Relative gains:

A

What one state gains, other lossess

76
Q

Offensive realists about power:

A

Stated should seek as much power as possible and hegemony if conditions are right

77
Q

Defensive realists about power:

A

States should not seek to much power because system will punish them

Get as much power as you need, but no more than needed to maintain status quo

78
Q

Security Dilemma:

A

When state A strengthens itself, so will state B, leading to an arms race

79
Q

3 types if constellation of power:

A
  1. Hegemony
  2. Bipolarity
  3. Multipolarity
80
Q

Hierarchy in the distribution of power leads to stability. What is necessary for this to work?

A

Perfect Transparency

81
Q

Diplomacy is an anarchic which distinguishes between ______ and ______

A

Opportunity and Threat

82
Q

What is threat?

A

Misreading others’ capabilities leads to ill-formed decisions

83
Q

What is opportunity?

A

When state A makes state B believe in something that is good for state A’s National Interests

84
Q

Definition of power (Human relations, Dahl)

A

Convincing others to do something they otherwise wouldn’t

Ability to affect behavior of others to get what one wants

Having more control over outcomes

85
Q

According to institutionalists, international organizations serve the function of reducing transaction and information costs

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

86
Q

What stands in the way of achieving benefitial collective outcome?

A

Defection

87
Q

A national level political system is a self-help system

TRUE or FALSE

A

False

88
Q

An international level political system is a self-help system

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

89
Q

According to realist world of view, world-shaking problems cry for solutions, but there is no world government to provide them, moreover the prospect of world government will leave invitation for world civil war, according to Waltz

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

90
Q

According to Morgenthau, what is the primary objective of diplomacy?

A

Promote your states national interest by peaceful means

91
Q

What are the virtues of anarchy?

A

Self-help system
Smart-state

92
Q

How does conflict occur according to Neo’Liberalism / Neo’Realism?

A

Changes in distribution of power

93
Q

Balance of power can be achieved by:

A

Arms racing
Alliance policy

94
Q

The likeness of war can be determined by:

A
  1. Number of great powers
  2. Distribution of Power among major states
  3. Changes in the distribution of power
95
Q

International regimes coax cooperation because

A

They reduce transaction costs
They provide information

96
Q

Cooperation

A

Conscious policy coordination for mutual benefit

IRPH (18 decks)

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