Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Reproduction > Quest 1 > Flashcards

Quest 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrinology

A
  • involves hormones and how they communicate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous System

A
  • has a physical connection
  • is “wired”
  • simple neural reflexes
  • neurotransmitters in synapses(a junction btw 2 nerve cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • a neurotransmitter in the nervous system that functions with rest and digest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

A
  • a neurotransmitter in the nervous system that functions with fight or flight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do neurotransmitters in the nervous system input responses?

A
  • afferent neurons carry impulses to -> spinal chord -> efferent neurons carry impulses away from s.c -> elicits body to respond
  • “wired” system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neuroendocrine System

A
  • “wireless”
  • neuroendocrine reflexes

Ex: milk letdown- triggered by oxytocin
- there is a physical stimulation -> nerves send signals to -> spinal chord which signals the -> brain to trigger the release of the -> oxytocin hormone which causes -> contraction of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurohormone

A
  • hormones made from a nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reproductive Factory Parts

A

1) Brain- manager
2) Hypothalamus
3) Pituitary Glands
4) Reproductive organs- workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brain Parts

A

1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do messages travel from the hypothalamus directly to the posterior pituitary gland?

A
  • there is an artery connected from the hypothalamus that goes into the posterior pituitary gland
  • the artery passes through the first capillary bed in the hypothalamus and picks up hormones to drop into the second capillary bed which is located in the posterior pituitary gland
  • to get the hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland they travel via a portal vein
  • the last vein after the second capillary bed will take back the hormones to the general system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thalamus

A
  • relay center
  • located in the brain
  • above hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • start of hormone signaling
  • synthesizes and secretes neurohormones
  • has separate areas that are responsible for something different
  • contains a cluster of neurons that provide different functions within (nuclei)
  • neurohormones when secreted dictate what happens next
  • also produces releasing hormones
  • below hypothalamus
  • attached to pituitary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Releasing Hormones

A
  • from the hypothalamus
    1) Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
    2) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone**
    3) Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
    4) Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
    5) Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
    6) Dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A
  • hypothalamus stimulates the gonads using this releasing hormone
  • Gonad = testes/ovaries
  • tropin = to feed/grow/stimulate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pituitary Glands

A
  • produce hormones

- connected to hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland portal system

A
  • connected to the hypothalamus via the hypothalamic portal system
  • it is a system that has two capillary beds connected by a portal vein
  • portal system formed because derived from the roof of the mouth (Rathke’s pouch)
  • purpose of portal system is so hypothalamus can produce less Releasing Hormones with greater affect
17
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A
  • directly connected to the hypothalamus and interacts through neurons
  • nerves extend from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary
  • oxytocin(OT) and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, or Vasopressin)
  • > hormones made in the hypothalamus and sent to posterior pituitary when ready to be released
18
Q

How did the Posterior Pituitary Gland form?

A
  • derived from brain tissue
  • the posterior pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum(hollow stalk that connects hypothalamus and PPG)
  • the gland rests in the sella turcica (bone)
19
Q

How did the Anterior Pituitary Gland form?

A
  • derived from tissue in the roof of the mouth
  • epithelial tissue began pinching off and eventually was alone (Rathke’s Pouch)
  • it migrated to the brain and attached to form the anterior P.G
20
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland secretes what hormones

A

1) FSH and LH as a result of Gonadotropin*
2) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
3) Growth Hormone
4) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
5) Prolactin*

21
Q

Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG)

A

1) hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropin(GnRH)
2) GnRH travels to pituitary gland
3) travels to Gonads (to cause effect)
4) Gonads trigger a hormone and function

  • crucial to proper reproduction
  • feedback systems are used to regulate
22
Q

Tonic Center

A
  • in hypothalamus

- a minimal amount of hormones that is secreted on a constant basis

23
Q

Surge Center

A
  • in hypothalamus

- releases much larger amounts of hormones in comparison to the tonic center

24
Q

Female example of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG)- Positive Feedback Loop

A

1) Hypothalamus secretes GnRH
2) Triggers the release of FSH(follicle stimulating hormone) - tonic center involved
3) FSH binds to ovaries(gonads)
4) stimulates follicle growth (gametes/eggs)
5) estrogen is released

  • presence of estrogen triggers brain to make more estrogen, loop restarts
  • eventually will reach a threshold of estrogen and the hypothalamus will stop the tonic center and trigger the surge center
  • a threshold of estrogen must be reached to trigger the surge center of the hypothalamus
25
Q

Female example of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG)- Negative Feedback Loop

A
  • a threshold of estrogen is reached and the hypothalamus triggers the surge center
    1) hypothalamus secretes GnRH
    2) triggers the release of LH (luteinizing hormone)
  • surge center involved
    3) LH binds to the ovaries (gonad)
    4) LH causes follicle to rupture and ovulation occurs
  • stops gamete growth
    5) Progesterone is released
  • this will pause the cycle by decreasing production of GnRh
26
Q

Male Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG)

A
  • only has a tonic center, no surge center

- FSH produces gametes (sperm) development and LH will cause testosterone production

27
Q

Hormones are classified in 3 Ways

A

1) Mode of Action
2) Source
3) Biochemical Structure

28
Q

Mode of Action Hormones

A

1) releasing hormones
2) Gonadotropins (stimulating gonad/target organ)
3) Sexual Promoters (testosterone and estrogen)
4) Pregnancy Maintenance/Recognition of Pregnancy
5) Luteolytic

29
Q

Source of Hormones

A

1) Hypothalamus
2) Pituitary Glands
3) Gonads
4) Follicles
5) Uterine
6) Placental

30
Q

Biochemical structure

A

1) steroid hormones
- derived from cholesterol
2) Peptide (neuropeptides)
3) glycoproteins
4) prostaglandins (arachidonic acid)

31
Q

What is the common structure in cholesterol?

A
  • cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene
32
Q

How to produce estrogen?

A

Cholesterol (27 C) -> Progesterone (21C) -> Testosterone (19 C) -> Estrogen (18C)

  • carbons decrease
33
Q

Neuropeptide

A
  • are small protein-like molecules that act as neurotransmitters

Animal Reproduction (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions