Quarter 2: lesson 1

Question 1

separating the cell’s internal constitution
from its external environment.

Answer 1

outer limiting barrier

Question 2

semi-permeable structure that regulates the entry and exit of material into
and out of the cell.

Answer 2

cell membrane

Question 3

The main fabric of the
cell that covers, protect,
and separate the cell’s
internal and external
environment.

Answer 3

PHOSPHOLIPID
BILAYER

Question 4

Hydrophilic (forms
a strong affinity with water
molecule)

Answer 4

Head

Question 5

Hydrophobic (repels
water molecule)

Answer 5

Tails

Question 6

• Enable materials to
  pass through the cell,
  essential for cell support,
  cellular recognition,
  and communication.

Answer 6

PROTEIN

Question 7

Form specialized sites
on the cell surface that
allow the cell to
recognize each other.

Answer 7

CARBOHYDRATE

Question 8

Holds the
phospholipid bilayer
together, keeping
them in shape, join
adjacent cell, and alter
membrane fluidity.

Answer 8

CHOLESTEROL

Question 9

Penetrates the hydrophobic core of the cell
membrane and act as a gateway of materials
into and out of the cell.

Answer 9

INTEGRAL
PROTEIN

Question 10

protein with carbohydrate attached

Answer 10

glycoprotein

Question 11

lipid with carbohyrdrate attached

Answer 11

glycolipid

Question 12

Loosely attached to membrane surface and can
facilitates communication between cells,
establishing identity between neighboring
cells.

Answer 12

PERIPHERAL
PROTEIN

Question 13

These are membrane carbohydrates attached
either to lipid bilayer or to membrane proteins
which are essential for cellular recognition.

Answer 13

GLYCOPROTEIN
& GLYCOLIPIDS

Question 13

move
substance in a
unidirectional
manner
depending on
concentration
gradient.

Answer 13

Uniport

Question 13

move
two different
substances in
the cell
membrane in
different
direction at the
same time.

Answer 13

Antiport

Question 13

move
two different
substances in
the cell
membrane in
the same
direction at the
same time.

Answer 13

Symport

Question 13

• Proteins may
  have a binding
  site that detects
  external signals
  and transmit
  them into the
  cell to trigger
  responses.

Answer 13

Receptor

Question 13

Protein may act
as an enzymes to
catalyze reactions
at the membrane
surface, such as
energy
production.

Answer 13

Enzymatic Activity

Question 13

• Some glycoproteins
  serve as
  identification tags
  that are specifically
  recognized by other
  cells.

Answer 13

Cell to cell
Recognition

Question 14

Membrane proteins
help cells adhere to
each other or to the
extracellular matrix,
which is essential in
tissue formation.

Answer 14

Cell Adhesion or
Intercellular joining

Question 14

Refers to the different ways on how
materials are being transported into and
out of the cell.
* These mechanism is primarily driven by
transport proteins embedded in the cell
membrane, providing a living channel
for molecules to pass through the
phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 14

CELL TRANSPORT

Question 14

are substance
that needs to be dissolved,
catalyzed or broken down.

Answer 14

SOLUTE

Question 14

substance that
will dissolve the solute.

Answer 14

SOLVENT

Question 14

is a
measurement of how the
concentration of solute
changes from one place to
another.

Answer 14

CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT

Question 14

refers
to the movement of
molecules across a
membrane that does
not require the input
of energy.
* Molecules move from
higher concentration
to lower
concentration.

Answer 14

Passive transport

Question 14

• Movement of small,
  nonpolar molecules directly
  through the lipid bilayer.
• Molecules move from areas
  of high concentration to low
  concentration without the
  need for transport
  proteins.
• Example, oxygen and
  carbon dioxide.

Answer 14

Simple Diffusion

Question 14

Transport of larger or
polar molecules across
the membrane
through specific
carrier or channel
proteins.
* Examples, glucose and
ions.

Answer 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 15

• Movement of water
  molecules through a
  semipermeable
  membrane.
• Water moves from
  areas of low solute
  concentration to
  areas of high solute
  concentration.

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

is a type
of vesicular transport
where the movement
of large particles into
the cells happens
through vesicle
formation.

Answer 16

Endocytosis

Question 17

• “Cell-eating”
• The cell membrane extends
  around the material, forming
  pseudopodia or membrane
  projections that engulf the
  particle. The particle is then
  enclosed in a large vesicle
  known as a phagosome,
  which fuses with a lysosome
  to digest the material.

Answer 17

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 18

• “Cell-drinking”
• The cell membrane invaginates
  to form small vesicles filled with
  extracellular fluid. Unlike
  phagocytosis, it is non-specific
  and captures whatever is in the
  fluid, such as nutrients or small
  molecules.

Answer 18

PINOCYTOSIS

Question 19

is a type of active transport where cells
expel materials from within the cell to the external
environment. This process involves vesicles that fuse
with the plasma membrane to release their contents
outside the cell. Exocytosis is essential for removing
waste, secreting hormones, and maintaining the cell
membrane. It requires energy (ATP) to transport
substances.

Answer 19

Exocytosis

Question 20

the solute is higher outside than the inside of
the cell. So, water moves out and the cell will shrink.

Answer 20

hypertonic solution,

Question 21

there is an equal concentration of solute inside
and outside of the cell. So, the movement of water stays the same.

Answer 21

isotonic solution,

Question 22

the solute is higher inside than the outside.
So, water moves into the cell until it swell and burst.

Answer 22

hypotonic solution,