Lesson 1 part 2: The Structure And Functions of the cells sub-cellular organelles Flashcards
The semi-permeable
lipid bilayer structure of
the cell that regulates
the entry and exit of
materials inside and
outside the cell, and
maintain the cell’s
integrity.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
is a dark region
inside the nucleus containing
ribosomal RNA and protein. It is
responsible for the synthesis of
ribosome.
Nucleolus
is a dense body
within a cell that control
all of its cellular
activity. It contains the
DNA that stores
information and directs
genetic transfer. It is
known as the control
center of the cell.
NUCLEUS
are small
opening in the nuclear
envelope that regulates the
movement of substances in
and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear pores
is the
boundary of the nucleus,
composed of the inner and
outer nuclear membrane.
Nuclear envelope
is a fluid-like
component of the nucleus in
which the nucleolus and
chromatin fibers are
suspended.
Nucleoplasm
A membrane-bound
organelle in the cytoplasm
responsible in converting
food and oxygen into ATP,
the energy currency of the
cell.
* Commonly known as the
“Powerhouses of the Cell.”
MITOCHONDRIA
are the thread-
like structure inside the
nucleus that condenses
during cell division and
forms chromosomes. The
coiled structure seen in a
chromosomes are actually
the genetic material called
the “DNA” that carries
information for inheritance.
Chromatin
- Composed of fluid-like
structure called the
cytosol, filling most of
the cell, through
which membrane-
bound organelles are
suspended. This is
where most cellular
activity takes place.
CYTOPLASM
It is the biosynthetic factory and shipper of
cell products. This is where protein and
other molecules are being transported from
one part of the cell into another.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
are tiny, dark
bodies made of protein and
ribosomal RNA whose function
is to produce protein for
different cellular activities.
* Ribosome is the actual site of
protein synthesis, located in
the nucleolus or attached to
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
RIBOSOME
Organelle where most ribosomes are attached to it,
rendering a granular appearance.
Rough ER:
Functions in lipid metabolism (cholesterol and fat
synthesis and breakdown) and detoxification of drugs and pesticides.
Smooth ER:
*It is the packaging counter of the cell.
*Its major function is to modify, package,
and ship proteins (sent to it by the rough
ER via transport vesicles) in specific
ways, depending on their final
destination.
GOLGI APPARATUS
- It is the suicide bag of the cell.
- It contains powerful hydrolytic
enzymes that breaks down
waste product and old worn-
out cell parts.
- It is abundant in the phagocytes,
disposing foreign substances
that enters the body.
LYSOSOMES
- It is the framework of the cell.
- It serves as the bone and muscle of the cell that is
crucial in moving cellular components and give
cell its shape.
CYTOSKELETON
It contains the green pigment that traps
light from the sun and converts it into
chemical energy in the form of food.
CHLOROPLAST
It is a microtubule organizing center, consisting of granular matrix and centrioles a pare of barrel shaped microtubular organelles that lie at right angles to see each other
centrosomes
are cellular extensions responsible for the
locomotion of cells.
CILIA AND FLAGELLA
Membrane-bound
organelle that stores
food, enzymes, and
other materials needed
by the cell.
CENTRAL VACUOLE
are
small tubes that connect
plant cells to each other,
providing living
PLASMODESMATA
stores the
bacterial chromosome,
regulates gene
expression, facilitates
DNA replication, and
contains genes essential
for various cellular
functions.
NUCLEOID
It provides a physical barrier
that helps protect bacteria from
being recognized and
phagocytosed by immune cells
such as macrophages and
neutrophils.
* It enhances the ability of
bacteria to adhere to various
surfaces, including host
tissues, medical devices, and
other bacteria.
CAPSULE
in bacterial
cells are circular in
shape, providing genetic
advantages, enables
horizontal gene transfer,
plays a crucial role in
biotechnology, and can
carry virulence factors.
PLASMID DNA
