Lesson 1 part 2: The Structure And Functions of the cells sub-cellular organelles Flashcards
The semi-permeable
lipid bilayer structure of
the cell that regulates
the entry and exit of
materials inside and
outside the cell, and
maintain the cell’s
integrity.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
is a dark region
inside the nucleus containing
ribosomal RNA and protein. It is
responsible for the synthesis of
ribosome.
Nucleolus
is a dense body
within a cell that control
all of its cellular
activity. It contains the
DNA that stores
information and directs
genetic transfer. It is
known as the control
center of the cell.
NUCLEUS
are small
opening in the nuclear
envelope that regulates the
movement of substances in
and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear pores
is the
boundary of the nucleus,
composed of the inner and
outer nuclear membrane.
Nuclear envelope
is a fluid-like
component of the nucleus in
which the nucleolus and
chromatin fibers are
suspended.
Nucleoplasm
A membrane-bound
organelle in the cytoplasm
responsible in converting
food and oxygen into ATP,
the energy currency of the
cell.
* Commonly known as the
“Powerhouses of the Cell.”
MITOCHONDRIA
are the thread-
like structure inside the
nucleus that condenses
during cell division and
forms chromosomes. The
coiled structure seen in a
chromosomes are actually
the genetic material called
the “DNA” that carries
information for inheritance.
Chromatin
- Composed of fluid-like
structure called the
cytosol, filling most of
the cell, through
which membrane-
bound organelles are
suspended. This is
where most cellular
activity takes place.
CYTOPLASM
It is the biosynthetic factory and shipper of
cell products. This is where protein and
other molecules are being transported from
one part of the cell into another.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
are tiny, dark
bodies made of protein and
ribosomal RNA whose function
is to produce protein for
different cellular activities.
* Ribosome is the actual site of
protein synthesis, located in
the nucleolus or attached to
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
RIBOSOME
Organelle where most ribosomes are attached to it,
rendering a granular appearance.
Rough ER:
Functions in lipid metabolism (cholesterol and fat
synthesis and breakdown) and detoxification of drugs and pesticides.
Smooth ER:
*It is the packaging counter of the cell.
*Its major function is to modify, package,
and ship proteins (sent to it by the rough
ER via transport vesicles) in specific
ways, depending on their final
destination.
GOLGI APPARATUS
- It is the suicide bag of the cell.
- It contains powerful hydrolytic
enzymes that breaks down
waste product and old worn-
out cell parts.
- It is abundant in the phagocytes,
disposing foreign substances
that enters the body.
LYSOSOMES
