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Alan's lecture - Pharmacology > Quantitative pharmacokenitics part 2 > Flashcards

Quantitative pharmacokenitics part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of graph is obtained after administering a sing IV dose?

A

An expoenetial decay graph

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2
Q

When is only time tou know the amaount of drug injected into a patient?

A

Straight after injecting it

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3
Q

The larger the volume of drug distributed the shorter the half life. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is the equation for exponential decay?

A

C=C0e-Kt

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5
Q

If we know volume distribution we can calculate the dose for any given concentration. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What equation can be used to calculate the dose for any given concentration?

A

Vd=Dose/C0

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7
Q

Doubling the dose does not extend exposure above a certain concentration by t1/2? TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

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8
Q

What does K represent?

A

The fraction of volume distribution that is cleared per min.

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9
Q

What is the equation for rate of elimination?

A

K=Cl/Vd

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10
Q

Larger volume distribution results in slower elimination . TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO FACTORS THAT DETERMINE HOW QUICK A DRUG IS ELIMINATED?

A

Clearance and volume distribution

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12
Q

What factors control half life?

A

-Controlled by how much volume of the drug appears to be dissolved in and by what volume of plasma is cleared per unit time.

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13
Q

What are the factors affecting elimination, in terms of Vd and Clearance?

A

Effects on volume distribution:

  • Aging
  • Obesity
  • Pathologic fluid

Effects on clearnace:

  • Cytochrome P450 induction/Inhibition
  • Cardiac failure
  • Hepatic failure
  • Renal failure
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14
Q

What effects do these factors have elimination?

A
  • Aging - decreased distribution
  • Obesity - increased distribution
  • Pathologic fluid -increased distribution
  • Cytochrome P450 induction - increased metabolism
  • Cytochrome P450 Inhibition - decreased metabolism
  • Cardiac failure - decreased clearance
  • Hepatic failure - decreased clearance
  • Renal failure - decreased clearance
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15
Q

What is intravenous infusion?

A

Drug being delivered constanly (i.e via a pump)

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16
Q

What is a loading dose?

A

Allows us to very rapidly occupy the entire volume of distribution with the drug

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17
Q

What are the pros for Iv infusion?

A
  • Allows precise and controlled exposure
  • Adjust concentration
  • Stop if required
  • Short infusion sometimes used to reduce maximum concentration and adverse events following rapid bolus injection
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18
Q

What is the constant steady state?

A

Drug concentartion increases to a plateau value

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19
Q

At Css, rate of elimination is equals to rate of infusion. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

What is the equation for rate of infusion?

A

Rinf= Cl *Css

21
Q

What is the equation for loading dose?

A

Css * Vd

22
Q

How many half lifes does it aproximately take to reach plateau?

A

3.3 t 1/2

23
Q

What is plateau concentration determined by?

A

Infusion rate and clearance

24
Q

Increasing infusion rate will increase final Css. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

25
Q

The time taken to reach the plateau depends on half life or rate of elimination. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

26
Q

What is occured in zero order elimination?

A

Drug is eliminated at a constant rate and independent of drug concentration

27
Q

What ocurs in linear pharmacokinetics?

A

The pharmacokinetics parameters do not change with dose,increasing dose increases exposure

28
Q

What is non linear pharmacokinetics?

A

The pharmacokinetic parameters chnage with dose of drug, increasing dose has no effect on exposure

29
Q

Drugs can be absorbed by either zero order or first order processes. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

30
Q

What is the equation for the rate of increase of drug in the body?

A

Rate of absorption - Rate of elimination

31
Q

Absorption and elimination are comepeting pathways. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

32
Q

It takes longer for drugs that are administered orally to available in the systemic circulation. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

33
Q

What occurs dose is increased?

A
  • Increased Cmax and AUC

- There is no effect on Tmax

34
Q

What occurs to Cmax and Tmax when a drug is given via P.O with food?

A

Cmax and Tmax are altered

35
Q

Absorption can become rate limiting when it occurs extremely slowly. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

36
Q

What controls the rate of absorption?

A

rate of elimination

37
Q

What equation can be used to determine the rate of elimination in P.o administration?

A

Kel=Cl/Vd

38
Q

What symbol is used to represent bioavailability?

A

F

39
Q

What factors can affect bioavailability?

A
  • incomplete absorption
  • poor dissolution
  • poor permeability
  • metabolism before absorption
40
Q

If the bioavailability of the drug is low, a larger dose can be given, TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

41
Q

What equation can be used to determine the amount of drug reachin systemic circulation?

A

ARSC= F*Dose

42
Q

How can we measure bioavailability?

A

By measuring th AUC

43
Q

What is required for Css max in a repeated dose?

A

Needs to be less than the concentration at which toxicity is observed

44
Q

What is required for Css min in a repeated dose?

A

Needs to be greater than the concentration required to have a therapeutic effect

45
Q

How can bioavailbility be determined when when doses are equal?

A

Bioavailability is the ratio of the two AUC

46
Q

What is the average constant steady state dependent upon?

A

Dose and frequency

47
Q

Why is a loading dose important for drugs that have larger Vd?

A

Takes longer to reach constant steady state, as drug is being distributed to other parts of the body.

48
Q

What is a maintenance dose?

A

once desired plasma drug concentration is achieved, then a maintenance dose compensates for drug elimination

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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