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Alan's lecture - Pharmacology > CVS 6 > Flashcards

CVS 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of thrombin?

A
  • Cleaves fibrinogen to make fibrin

- Casues activation of platelet aggregation

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2
Q

what are the two types of haemostasis and which one is more stabilising?

A
  • Primary haemostasis - occurs straight after vascular damage (but not stable)
  • Secondary haemostasis - which activates the clotting cascade (forms more stable plaques/platelets)
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3
Q

what is thrombosis?

A
  • The formation of a blood clot within the blood vessles (also known as thrombus)
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4
Q

what are the three causes of thrombosis?

A
  • Endothelial injury (major cause in heart)
  • Abnormal blood flow (replace laminar flow with turbulent flow)
  • Hyercoaguability (family/ heparin)
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5
Q

Arterial and venous thrombosis are not different. true or false?

A

false

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6
Q

Arterial and venous thrombosis are treated differently. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Describe arterial thrombosis?

A
  • More platelet rich
  • Cuases strokes and heart attacks
  • Due cholesterol levels, obesity, smoking
  • Treated by reducing risk factors e.g stoke smoking and antiplatelet drugs
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8
Q

Describe venous thrombosis?

A
  • Fibrin rich
  • Cuases DVT and pulmonary embolism
  • Due to slow blood flow and genetic factors
  • treated with anti-coagulants
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9
Q

Anti-platelet drugs are not effective in venous thrombosis. true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

Atrial fibrilation increases risk of arterial thromboembolism. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

what are fibrinolytic agents used for?

A
  • Acute MI

- pulmonary embolism

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12
Q

GP-2B3A is used to activate platelet aggregation. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Phospholipid is cleared by phospholipase A2. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Blocking protsangladin blocks thromboxane production. true or false?

A

true

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15
Q

What is Apsirin indicated for?

A
  • prevention of thromboebolism in atheroscletoic disease, angina, MI and stroke
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16
Q

How does aspirin work as an anti-platelt drug?

A
  • Inhibits COX-1 acetylation

- Inhibits prostanglagin synthesis in platetelets

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17
Q

Aspirin has minimal ADRs with low doses and a half life of 15 min. true or fase?

A

true

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18
Q

What are some of the serious ADRs with apsirin?

A
  • It causes haemorrhage - execssive bleding
  • Avoid in patients with peptic ulcer disease
  • Avoid in hypertension - leads to more bleeding
  • Aspirin can also have other intrecations with anti-coagulants
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19
Q

other NSAIDS can interact with aspirin because asprin binds irrevesibly and NSAIDS can compete with asprin reducing aspirins ability to inhibit COX1 acetylation. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

How do PDE inhibitors work as anti-platelet drugs?

A
  • They promote PKA which inhibits the activation of platelets
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21
Q

Provide an example of a PDE inhibitor drug?

A
  • Dipyridamole
22
Q

what are the inidcations for PDE inhibiotrs as antiplatlet drug?

A
  • It is a weak anti-plateet drug - not commnly used
  • Ischeamic stroke
  • Prevention of embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves
23
Q

what are soem ADRs of PDE inhibitors?

A
  • can cause bleeding avoid in patients with GI bleeding

- interact with anti-coagulants leading to haemorrhage

24
Q

In platelets cAMP inhibits aggregation. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

25
Q

Provide a drug name for ADP antagonist?

A
  • Clopidogrel 2nd generation drug
26
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ADP anatgonits?

A
  • ADP receptor antangonists
27
Q

what are ADP antangonists indicated for?

A
  • Coronary syndrome

- prevention of athoscelrosis in angina

28
Q

what are some ADRS for ADP antagonist?

A
  • Can cause bleeding
29
Q

Clopidogrel is a pro-drug and its active metabolite binds irreversibly to the receptor. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

30
Q

why are GP2B3A antagonists very effective?

A
  • Because they inhibit the ned point of platlet aggreagation
31
Q

GP2B3A they have long half lives (24hrs), the only way to reverse this is by platelet infusion. TRUE OR FLASE?

A
  • TRUE
32
Q

GP2B3A are indicated fo unstable angina. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

true

33
Q

Epifibatide is a peptide antagonist. true or false?

A

true

34
Q

what is heparin?

A
  • It is an anticoagulant

- It is a sulphated polysaccharide obtained from lung bovine and porcine instestine

35
Q

How does heaprin work?

A
  • Inhibits clotting factors which leads to irreversible binding of anti-thrombin 3
36
Q

Heparin is indicated for rapid anti-coagulant effects and for treatmetn of thromboebolism. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

37
Q

Heparin has low oral F, it is givena s an S.C. injection. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

38
Q

what is warfarin?

A
  • An anti-coagulant
39
Q

what is the meachnism of action of warfarin?

A
  • Inhibits vitamin K and clotting factor synthesis
40
Q

warfarin has a delayed effect, so for fatser relief use other anti-coagulants. TRUE OR FALSE?M

A

TRUE

41
Q

what are some ADRs for warfarin?

A
  • Haemorrhage

- low therapeutic window

42
Q

what are the contraindications for warfarin?

A
  • it is teratogenic

- Can cause peptic ulcers

43
Q

warfarin is 99% plasma protein bound, so other drugs can displace. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

true

44
Q

Thrombin inhibitors are indicated for venous thromboebolism. true or false?

A

true

45
Q

Dabigatran etexitile is a pro-drug activated by plasma/ liver esterase. true or flase?

A

True

46
Q

What are the indications for factor (X)10a inhibitors?

A
  • They are indicated for venous thromboebolism
47
Q

what is fribrinolysis?

A
  • The breakdown of fibrin from pre-existing thrombus
48
Q

Give an example drug of fibrinolitic agent?

A
  • Altapase e.g short half life 30 min
49
Q

what is skeptokinase?

A
  • Forms complex with plasminogen and allows activation of other plasminogen complex
50
Q

when is firbinolytic agents used?

A
  • when in urget need to break down the firbirn clot e.g MI, stroke
51
Q

List all the drugs for anti-platelet and anti- coagulant drugs for treatment of thrombosis?

A

Antiplatelet drugs:

  • Aspirin
  • PDE inhibitors
  • ADP antagonists
  • GP2B3A antagonists

Anti-coagulants:

  • Heparin
  • Warfarin

other

  • Fribinolytic agents
  • Factor Xa inhibitors
  • Thrombin inhibotrs

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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