Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology > Oncology 1 > Flashcards

Oncology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer progesses from early stage to late stage. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metastasis is usually late stage and is difficult ot treat with poorer outcome. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define these terms:

Tumour, begnin, metastasis,inavsion, malignant, disease staging, tumour grade, cytotoxic and cytostatic

A
  • Tumour - is an abnormal growth
  • Begnin - non- invasive
  • metastasis - it can migrate to different part of the body
  • Invasion - migration into the local tissue through surrounding membrane
  • malignant - an invasive cancerous growth
  • Disease stage - assessing of how far the tumour has spread
  • tumour grade - degree of differentiation of cells in the tumour
  • cytotoxic - something that kills cells
  • cytostatic - something that inhibits cell proliferation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dysplasia is the altered organisation of cell and hyperplasia is the increased number of cells in the tissue. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 5 different types of cancer therapy available?

A
  • Chemotherapy
  • Hormone therapy
  • Targeted/biological therapy
  • Radiation
  • Palliative care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemotherapy is a toxin (poision), it depends upon the fact that the cancer cells are proliferatig at a faster rate than others. it targets cell division processes. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the issues with chemotherapy?

A
  • Drugs may start to target other cells that also proliferate at a fast rate
  • Leads to horrible side effects such as hair loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the issues with hormone therapy?

A
  • The cells can become hormone independent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the key issues with targeted therapy?

A
  • Costs
  • patient resistance
  • efficacy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

You should not give live vaccines to patients receing chemotherapy. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ADRs of chemotherapy?

A
  • Attacks other fast growing cells
  • GI mucosa
  • Bone marrow (myelosuppression)
  • teratogenic
  • Hair follicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do alkylating agents work (chemotherapy)?

A
  • They alkylate especially in the nucleophilic sites
  • they form cross-linkages
  • mutations can occur due to incorrect base pairing
  • If this occurs in a cancer cell, it can lead to cell death of cancer cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of an alkylating agent drug?

A

Cyclophosphamine - prodrug activated by p450

- has a fairly long half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alkylating agents tend to have short half lives. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is cylophosphominde indicated for?

A
  • Breast cancer

- Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does topoisomerase do?

A
  • regulates the DNA supercoiling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of cytotoxic antibiotics?

A
  • Anthracyclins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

camptothecins (cytotoxic antibiotic) prevent topoisomrase 1 from repairing the break. true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

etoposide prevents topoisomerase 2 from repairing the break. true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bleomycin is a glycopeptide that chelates fe2+. true or false?

A

true

21
Q

Azathiopurine is a pro-drug of mercaptopurine. true or false?

A

true

22
Q

How does antrocyclin (Cytotoxic antiboiotic) work?

A
  • They work by inhibiting topoisomerase which interchalets with DNA and causes double strand break and loss of genetic material
23
Q

Topoisomerase 1 cleaves single strand

Toposiomerase 2 cleaves both strands. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

24
Q

Antracyclcins can change urine colour. true or flase?

A

true

25
Q

Anti-metabolites blocks the synthesis of nucleotides. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

26
Q

Hydroxyurea inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. TRUE RO FALSE/

A

TRUE

27
Q

Methotraxte is an anti-metabolit drug that blocks the production of dihydrofolate reductase. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

what is Methotraxate indicated for?

A
  • Chemotherapy anti-metabolite agent

- Cna also be used to treat psoriasis but this is i much lower doses

29
Q

What interactions can methotraxate have?

A
  • NSAIDS and aspirin

- Penicillin

30
Q

what is chain termination?

A
  • The drugs get incorporated into the DNA chain and terminates it
31
Q

Azacytidine alters gene expression. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

32
Q

How do microtubule inhibitors work?

A
  • Microtubules play an important role in chromosome segragation
  • They undergo dynamic instability
    microtubules undergo polymerizationa nd depolymerisation
  • Vinca alkaloids inhibit polymerization
  • Which inhibits M-phase of mitosis leading to apoptosis
33
Q

Give an example of a microtubule inhibitor (vinca alkaloid)?

A
  • Vinblastine
34
Q

What are the ADRs for vinca alkaloids?

A
  • Cause neurotoxicity and paraethesia
35
Q

Docetaxel and paclitaxel are what type of microtubule inhibotors?

A
  • Taxanes
36
Q

What are the two types of microtubule inhibitors?

A
  • Taxanes

- Vinca alkaloids

37
Q

How do platinum drugs work?

A
  • Bind to DNA causing dagamge response leading to apoptosis
38
Q

rpovide example of platinum drugs drugs/

A
  • Cisplatin

- Carboplatin

39
Q

Platinum drugs are no metabolised they are cleared by glomeruli filtration. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

40
Q

WHat are the ADRs of platinum drugs?

A
  • They cause neprotoxicity and ototoxicity
41
Q

Chemothrapy kills a fraction of cells each time it is used. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

42
Q

Hormonal therapy is chemotherapy. true or false?

A

False

43
Q

What is tamoxifen and what is it used for?

A
  • It is a eostrogen receptor antagonist

- Used for treatment of Breast cancer that are ER positive as a hormonal therapy

44
Q

wHat do aromatase inhibitors do?

A
  • They are hormone thearpy that inhibis synthesi of oestrogen
45
Q

Give an example of a aromatase inhibitor drug?

A
  • Anastrozole
46
Q

When are androgen receptors antagonists useful?

A
  • In the treatment of prostate cancer that are dependent on androgen receptor
47
Q

Provide an example of a androgen antagonist drug?

A
  • Bicalutamide
48
Q

How do gonaderolins work?

A
  • They block production of LH and FSH by over stimulation of the LHRH receptors

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions