Quality Management Flashcards
Quality management
Creating and following policies and procedures to ensure that a project meets the defund needs it was intended to meet from the customers perspective
Gold plating
Giving the customer extras (more functionality extra scope performance); not a recommended practice
Prevention over inspection
Quality must be planned in not inspected in
Marginal analysis
Looking for the point where the benefits or revenue to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality
Continuous improvement
Continuously looking for small improvements in quality
Includes how we handle project management in an organization
Just in time
Companies have suppliers deliver raw materials just when they are needed therefore decreasing inventory to close to zero
Therefore a company must achieve a high level of quality in their practices otherwise there will not be enough materials to meet production requirements
Total quality management
Encourages companies and employees to find ways to continuously improve the quality of their products and their business practices at every level of the organization
Responsibility for quality
Entire organization has responsibilities for quality
The PM has responsibility for the quality of the product of the reject but each team member must inspect their work
Senior management has ultimate responsibility for quality in the organization as a whole
Impact of poor quality
Increased costs Decreased profits Low morale Low customer satisfaction Increased risk Rework Schedule delays
Increases in quality
Increased productivity Higher morale Increased customer ear satisfaction Increased cost and schedule effectiveness Decreased cost risk
Plan quality management
Defining quality for the project, the product, and project management, and planning how it will be achieved
Looking forward in time
Identify all relevant organizational or industry practices standards and requirements for quality of the project and plan how to meet those quality standards
An output of this process is then quality management plan
Perform quality assurance
Ensure the project team is following the organizational policies standards and processes as planned to produce the projects deliverables / customer requirements
Perform continuous improvement
Find good practices and share with the organization
Looking back in time
PM can evaluate if whether processes need to be improved or modified
Control quality
Examines the actual deliverables produced on the project and to ensure the deliverables are correct and meet the planned level of quality and to find the source of problems and recommend ways to address them
Looking back in time at project results
Identify the need for quality improvements corrective action, defect repair and preventive action
Cost benefit analysis
Weights the benefits versus the cost of quality efforts to determine the appropriate quality level and requirements for the project
Cost of quality (COQ)
Looking at the cost of quality to make sure the project is not spending too much to achieve a particular level of quality
Involves looking at what the costs conformance and nonconformance to quality will be on the project and creating a balance
The cost of conformance should be lower than the cost of nonconformance
Conformance (preventative & appraisal costs) -quality training, surveys studies
Nonconformance (internal & external failure costs) - rework scrap inventory cost lost business warranty costs
Quality
The degree to which the project fulfills requirements
Quality tools
Cause and effect diagram Flowchart Check sheet Pareto diagram Histogram Control chart Scatter diagram
Cause and effect diagram (fish bone)
Used to look backwards as to what may have contributed to quality problems
Plan how the work of quality should be performed to produce deliverables that meet requirements
Graphic with organized series of lines displaying issues that may have led to a problem
Look at the causes of a problem or to identify the best way to plan and clarify the definition of quality
Helps stimulate thinking and generate discussion
Used to explore the factors that will result in a desired outcome
Flowchart (process map)
How a process or system flows from beginning to end and how the elements interrelate alternative paths the process can take and how the process translates inputs and outputs
Graphical representation of a process
Check sheet (tally sheet)
Checklist that can be used to keep track of data such as quality problems uncovered during inspections
Ex how often a particular defect occurs
Pareto diagram
Type of bar chart that arranges the results from most frequent to least frequent to help identify which root causes are resulting in the most problems
Helps focus attention on the most critical problems
Priorities potential causes of the problems
Separate the critical few from the uncritical many
Histogram
Displays data in the form of bars or columns and helps to identify which problems are worth dealing with and presents data in no particular order or without reference to time
Control charts
These are setup in plan quality management as part of the effort to define quality on the project. They are used in control quality to help determine if the results of a process are within acceptable limits
