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MEDTECH LAWS > Quality Management > Flashcards

Quality Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is a comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and practices followed to ensure that laboratory results are reliable, including record keeping, maintenance, and proficiency testing?

A

Quality Assurance

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2
Q

What is the most widely used approach to quality improvement in healthcare that involves corrective action, procedures, implementation, and feedback?

A

PDCA (Deming cycle)

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3
Q

What is the management philosophy and process for improving quality in all aspects of work, focusing on patient satisfaction?

A

Total Quality Management

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4
Q

What statistical approach is used to reduce errors, reduce standard deviations, and improve precision by measuring the number of DPMOs?

A

Six Sigma

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5
Q

What method is applied in clinical laboratories to reduce test errors and involves the steps: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control?

A

DMAIC (Six Sigma)

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6
Q

What approach is designed to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction by addressing various types of waste like defects, overproduction, and waiting?

A

Lean

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7
Q

What level in Lean-Six Sigma requires at least 2 years of experience and involves mastering the methodology?

A

Master Black Belt

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8
Q

What Lean-Six Sigma belt involves team leaders who dedicate up to 100% of their time to quality improvement projects?

A

Black Belt

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9
Q

What Lean-Six Sigma belt involves team members who contribute about 20% of their time to quality improvement projects while still performing their regular job functions?

A

Green Belt

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10
Q

What Lean-Six Sigma belt understands the basics of the methodology but does not lead projects?

A

Yellow Belt

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11
Q

What is the quality management system specifically developed for clinical laboratories, mandatory in some countries?

A

ISO 15189

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12
Q

What program embodies all concepts of the management process and bases success or failure on how well employees understand the company’s mission and objectives?

A

Management by Objective

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13
Q

What process involves modifying the best practices from one organization to fit similar processes in another organization?

A

Benchmarking

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14
Q

What quality tool helps visualize the distribution of data to identify the most significant factors in a set of data?

A

Pareto chart

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15
Q

What quality tool, also known as the Ishikawa diagram, identifies and organizes potential causes of problems?

A

Cause-and-effect diagram

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16
Q

What quality tool shows the steps of a process in a sequential flow, helping to understand how a process works?

A

Flow chart

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17
Q

What quality tool displays the frequency distribution of a dataset as bars, helping to identify patterns or trends?

A

Histogram

18
Q

What quality tool is used to monitor a process over time, displaying data points in relation to control limits?

A

Control chart

19
Q

What quality tool helps determine the relationship between two variables, showing if they are positively correlated?

A

Scatter diagram

20
Q

What quality tool is used to record the frequency of events or issues, providing real-time data for analysis?

A

Check sheet

21
Q

What type of performance appraisal error occurs when the evaluator gives average ratings to all employees, avoiding extremes?

A

Error of central tendency

22
Q

What performance appraisal error happens when an employee is rated higher or lower based on comparison with other employees?

A

Contrast error

23
Q

What performance appraisal error happens when an evaluator gives high ratings to all employees, regardless of actual performance?

A

Error of leniency

24
Q

What performance appraisal error involves an overall positive or negative impression of an employee affecting the evaluation of individual traits?

A

Halo effect

25
Q

What performance appraisal error happens when a negative impression of an employee affects the evaluation of individual traits?

A

Reverse halo effect

26
Q

What performance appraisal error involves giving too much weight to recent events or performance in the evaluation?

A

Recency phenomenon

27
Q

What refers to written information regarding procedures, processes, and policies in the clinical laboratory, which must be updated regularly?

A

Documents

28
Q

What refers to collected information produced by the laboratory during tests, which is permanent and can be easily retrieved?

A

Records

29
Q

What is a template used for forecasting revenue and expenses for an organization, prepared in phases?

A

Budget

30
Q

What are the four phases in the preparation of a budget?

A
  1. Development of goals, 2. Budget assumptions, 3. Forecast of expenses, 4. Monitoring
31
Q

What type of cost is directly associated with producing test results?

A

Direct cost

32
Q

What type of cost indirectly contributes to producing laboratory tests?

A

Indirect cost

33
Q

What type of cost remains the same month to month, no matter how many tests are produced?

A

Fixed cost

34
Q

What type of cost changes with the amount of work performed or the number of tests conducted?

A

Variable cost

35
Q

What type of cost focuses on measuring and controlling the costs of poor quality, which includes prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure costs?

A

Quality costs

36
Q

What is the system that handles all informational needs of a laboratory, from intake of requests to the delivery of results?

A

Laboratory Information System

37
Q

What does hardware refer to in the context of a Laboratory Information System?

A

Physical pieces of the equipment

38
Q

What are examples of hardware components in a computer system?

A

CPU, RAM, ROM, Hard drive, Disk drive, Optical disk, Peripheral devices

39
Q

What is software in the context of a Laboratory Information System?

A

Set of instructions written in computer language that tells how to operate and manipulate the data

40
Q

What are the types of software in a Laboratory Information System?

A
  1. Operating system software, 2. Application software, 3. Database, 4. Browsers
41
Q

What is the role of an operating system in a Laboratory Information System?

A

Manages hardware and software resources, and provides an interface for user interaction

MEDTECH LAWS (17 decks)

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