Quality Management Flashcards
What is a comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and practices followed to ensure that laboratory results are reliable, including record keeping, maintenance, and proficiency testing?
Quality Assurance
What is the most widely used approach to quality improvement in healthcare that involves corrective action, procedures, implementation, and feedback?
PDCA (Deming cycle)
What is the management philosophy and process for improving quality in all aspects of work, focusing on patient satisfaction?
Total Quality Management
What statistical approach is used to reduce errors, reduce standard deviations, and improve precision by measuring the number of DPMOs?
Six Sigma
What method is applied in clinical laboratories to reduce test errors and involves the steps: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control?
DMAIC (Six Sigma)
What approach is designed to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction by addressing various types of waste like defects, overproduction, and waiting?
Lean
What level in Lean-Six Sigma requires at least 2 years of experience and involves mastering the methodology?
Master Black Belt
What Lean-Six Sigma belt involves team leaders who dedicate up to 100% of their time to quality improvement projects?
Black Belt
What Lean-Six Sigma belt involves team members who contribute about 20% of their time to quality improvement projects while still performing their regular job functions?
Green Belt
What Lean-Six Sigma belt understands the basics of the methodology but does not lead projects?
Yellow Belt
What is the quality management system specifically developed for clinical laboratories, mandatory in some countries?
ISO 15189
What program embodies all concepts of the management process and bases success or failure on how well employees understand the company’s mission and objectives?
Management by Objective
What process involves modifying the best practices from one organization to fit similar processes in another organization?
Benchmarking
What quality tool helps visualize the distribution of data to identify the most significant factors in a set of data?
Pareto chart
What quality tool, also known as the Ishikawa diagram, identifies and organizes potential causes of problems?
Cause-and-effect diagram
What quality tool shows the steps of a process in a sequential flow, helping to understand how a process works?
Flow chart
What quality tool displays the frequency distribution of a dataset as bars, helping to identify patterns or trends?
Histogram
What quality tool is used to monitor a process over time, displaying data points in relation to control limits?
Control chart
What quality tool helps determine the relationship between two variables, showing if they are positively correlated?
Scatter diagram
What quality tool is used to record the frequency of events or issues, providing real-time data for analysis?
Check sheet
What type of performance appraisal error occurs when the evaluator gives average ratings to all employees, avoiding extremes?
Error of central tendency
What performance appraisal error happens when an employee is rated higher or lower based on comparison with other employees?
Contrast error
What performance appraisal error happens when an evaluator gives high ratings to all employees, regardless of actual performance?
Error of leniency
What performance appraisal error involves an overall positive or negative impression of an employee affecting the evaluation of individual traits?
Halo effect
What performance appraisal error happens when a negative impression of an employee affects the evaluation of individual traits?
Reverse halo effect
What performance appraisal error involves giving too much weight to recent events or performance in the evaluation?
Recency phenomenon
What refers to written information regarding procedures, processes, and policies in the clinical laboratory, which must be updated regularly?
Documents
What refers to collected information produced by the laboratory during tests, which is permanent and can be easily retrieved?
Records
What is a template used for forecasting revenue and expenses for an organization, prepared in phases?
Budget
What are the four phases in the preparation of a budget?
- Development of goals, 2. Budget assumptions, 3. Forecast of expenses, 4. Monitoring
What type of cost is directly associated with producing test results?
Direct cost
What type of cost indirectly contributes to producing laboratory tests?
Indirect cost
What type of cost remains the same month to month, no matter how many tests are produced?
Fixed cost
What type of cost changes with the amount of work performed or the number of tests conducted?
Variable cost
What type of cost focuses on measuring and controlling the costs of poor quality, which includes prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure costs?
Quality costs
What is the system that handles all informational needs of a laboratory, from intake of requests to the delivery of results?
Laboratory Information System
What does hardware refer to in the context of a Laboratory Information System?
Physical pieces of the equipment
What are examples of hardware components in a computer system?
CPU, RAM, ROM, Hard drive, Disk drive, Optical disk, Peripheral devices
What is software in the context of a Laboratory Information System?
Set of instructions written in computer language that tells how to operate and manipulate the data
What are the types of software in a Laboratory Information System?
- Operating system software, 2. Application software, 3. Database, 4. Browsers
What is the role of an operating system in a Laboratory Information System?
Manages hardware and software resources, and provides an interface for user interaction
