Ethics and Leadership Flashcards
Respecting the decisions made by those capable of making decisions, including those limited by senility or illness
Autonomy
Patient’s authorization of a medical intervention or involvement in research; involves DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION, UNDERSTANDING, VOLUNTARINESS
Informed consent
Restriction of a person’s autonomy that must be justified with sufficient reason
Paternalism
Doing good or providing benefit
Beneficence
To avoid doing harm, or minimize harm if unavoidable
Non-maleficence
Ensuring fairness and equity in the distribution of risks and benefits, treating equals equally and recognizing inequalities
Justice
Failure to exercise due care or the level of care that a person of ordinary intelligence and good sense would exercise under given circumstances
Negligence
Type of negligence committed by a professional; implies that a greater standard of care is owed to a person than the ‘reasonable person’ standard associated with negligence
Malpractice
What provides the direction of where one/organization is going?
Leadership
What must leadership be in order to set clear goals and strategic objectives?
Visionary
Which leadership style provides physical and personal sources for an individual to accomplish his/her duties?
Supportive
Which leadership style presents rules, orders, or other defined instructions to the individual?
Directive
Which leadership style provides high support and direction?
Coaching
Which leadership style provides low support and direction?
Delegating
What is also known as administration and provides the road to get there?
Management
Self-centered, makes decisions without consultation of subordinates, the manager’s way is the best
Autocratic Leadership
Shared authority, employees take part in decision making
Democratic Leadership
Exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, focuses on rules and regulations set by the hierarchy of authority
Bureaucratic Leadership
Free reign, least effective, leaves the decision to staff, abdicates responsibility
Laissez-faire Leadership
Encourages certain behaviours in others by force of personality, persuasion, and eloquent communication
Charismatic Leadership
Uses fears and threats, decision making is done in the upper echelons of the organization
Exploitative-authoritative Management
Master-servant, reward system, flow of information upward is restricted to what superiors want to hear
Benevolent-authoritative Management
Allows employees to have a view and voice out their opinion
Consultative Management
Collaborative teamwork and open communication between manager and subordinates
Participative Management
A manager uses a broad range of leadership styles based on the prevailing circumstances in the current environment
Tannenbaum and Schmidt Theory
Based on how employees view work; - autocratic leadership; boss-centered
Theory X
Based on how employees view work; democratic leadership; people-centered, continuous improvement
Theory Y
low concern for people and production
Blake-Mouton Theory (Impoverished Management)
low concern for people but high concern for production
Blake-Mouton Theory (Authority-Compliance)
medium concern for people and production
Blake-Mouton Theory (Middle-of-the-road Management)
high concern for people but low concern for production
Blake-Mouton Theory (Country Club Management)
high concern for people and production (best)
Blake-Mouton Theory (Team Management)
Relationship-oriented leader wants to be liked by and get along well with subordinates; getting the job done is second priority
Fiedler Theory (Relationship-oriented)
Task-oriented leader wants high performance and accomplishment of all tasks; getting the job done is the first priority
Fiedler Theory (Task-oriented)
No single best style of leadership but dependent on the task, knowledge, and group dynamics for each situation
Hersey-Blanchard Theory (Situational)
Employees base their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work on hygiene factors and motivation factors
Frederick Herzberg’s Theory
Pyramid of goals for the satisfaction of employee needs: physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Top manager focuses on increasing which skills?
Strategic and conceptual skills
Middle manager focuses on which skills?
Human skills
Supervisory manager focuses on increasing which skills?
Technical skills
What are the skills of a manager that involve conceptualizing and applying management processes, systematizing work flow, making decisions, and communicating with co-workers?
Organizational skills
Which skills involve understanding basic theories of human needs and work motivation?
People skills
Which skills involve effective use of and accounting for monetary resources?
Financial skills
Which skills involve the synthesis of organizational, people, and financial skills to manage physical resources?
Technical skills
What is a descriptive picture of a desired future state, long term?
Vision
What defines the organization’s purpose?
Mission
What are general and qualitative statements of the overall philosophy of the organization?
Goals
What are more specific and quantifiable steps taken to achieve organizational goals?
Objectives
What does the acronym SMART stand for in relation to objectives?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time bound
What is the process of establishing goals and objectives, and formulating policies to carry them out?
Planning
What type of plan covers a 1-5 year period and focuses on tasks that can be completed in this time frame?
Short range plan
What type of plan may be for 1 year or one budget period and concerns operation?
Operational plan
What type of plan maps out the course of an organization for approximately 20 years?
Strategic plan
What analysis involves assessing internal factors (Strengths, Weaknesses) and external factors (Opportunities, Threats)?
SWOT analysis
What function involves coordinating resources to achieve plans and defining work relationships, including lines of authority and workflow?
Organizing
What function involves communicating, motivating, delegating, and coaching while creating a climate that meets the needs of the individuals and the organization?
Directing
What function involves defining standards of performance, developing a reporting system, and taking corrective action when necessary?
Controlling
What is the process of identifying goals, evaluating the current situation, setting objectives, and establishing plans?
Planning
What function involves formal hierarchy and informal relationships to coordinate resources?
Organizing
What function involves leadership, time allocation, and leading the team?
Directing
What function involves giving instructions, following up, and making necessary modifications?
Controlling
